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- W2344240543 abstract "The relation of a defendant asserting a justification defense to the purportedly justifying circumstances has come in for a good deal of scholarly attention. In particular, it has been widely debated what sort of warrant a justified defendant must have that the justifying circumstances exist. The most popular view is that, although she need not be correct, the defendant must have an objectively reasonable belief in each of the justifying circumstances: for example, a reasonable person with Alice’s information would have concluded that the victim was a burglar coming through the window, even if it was really Alice’s husband trying to unstick the sash. A good deal less attention has gone to the question just what relation the justifying circumstances must have to the actor’s actual motivation. Suppose Bea had loaded her pistol with intent to hunt down her enemy Chuck. On her way from the kitchen towards the front door, Bea saw Chuck coming through her dining room window. What if she fired, with the reasonable belief that Chuck was making a forced entry under circumstances giving her a privilege to use deadly force, but with ulterior intent to kill her enemy? I believe that the answer that would usually be given to this question is wrong, and that the discussion of the question has not yet gotten very deep. It is easy to see why this question would receive little attention from the working bar. In Bea’s case, the trial will almost certainly turn on the basis of her proffered belief that the man at the window was a burglar. If Bea, prudently, declines to speak with the police before retaining counsel, the world will likely never learn that her intentions had everything to do with the fact that she thought the man climbing over the sill was Chuck, and nothing to do with her belief that he was a burglar. Defendants who claim a justification always assert that what they were acting from was that justification, and justification statutes rarely separate out an “acting from” element. George Fletcher contends, plausibly, if without much cited authority, that it is the “consensus” of Western legal systems that a justified defendant must act with" @default.
- W2344240543 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2344240543 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W2344240543 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2344240543 title "Justification and Bad Motives" @default.
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