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• W234570 abstract "Nearly two decades separate the publication of K. M. Peyton's Pennington's Heir (1973) and Berlie Doherty's Dear Nobody (1991), both of which focus on the theme of teenage pregnancy. Dear Nobody won the Carnegie Medal, was shortlisted for four other book awards, and was adapted into a BBC television production and an award-winning play. By contrast, Peyton's Pennington novels are criticised for being 'often stereotypical in the depiction of character' (Knowles and Malmkjaer 1996, p.142). In this paper I argue that it is Dear Nobody that is at times conservative and regressive in its treatment of its central theme, while the earlier and less well received Pennington's Heir is the more socially progressive text. Pennington's Heir was written in 1973, the end of a period Marwick (1984) labels 'The Cultural Revolution' (p. 163). The years from 1959 to 1973 in Britain, he says, were characterised by 'dislocation, though not destruction or transformation, of class, of race, of relations between the sexes, and between the youthful and the middle-aged' (p. 163). This 'dislocation' was reflected in a new focus on social realism in the arts. Some British authors writing for older children followed the trend, addressing themes relevant to teenagers in realistic novels for that age group. Authors such as Josephine Kamm (Young Mother 1962) and Honor Arundel (The Longest Weekend 1969) wrote about teenage pregnancy some years before Peyton did, but it is Peyton who is singled out by Carpenter (1984) as being at the forefront of establishing the teenage novel in Britain. The genre of young adult fiction developed more rapidly in the United States than in the United Kingdom. There were isolated earlier instances in both countries of what readers today would categorise as young adult novels, but it was J.D. Salinger's 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye that gave rise to a host of imitations (Carpenter 1984, p. 518). These American 'problem novels' were often narrated in first person and focused almost entirely on adolescence and its associated problems such as sex and intergenerational tension (p.518), although Townsend (1990) points out that 'by the early eighties, parental iniquity was no longer a major theme' (p.274). There were marked differences between teenage fiction published during the 1970s in Britain and America, with the British novels often concerned with wider issues and related to more established literary genres (Carpenter 1984, p.518). It was only in the 1980s that British problem novels began to more closely resemble their American counterparts. Dear Nobody, with its main theme of teenage pregnancy, its additional issues of divorce, mother-daughter conflict, and its first-person narration, had much in common with the earlier American young adult novels. In 1991, though, the problem novel was just developing into a fully-fledged genre in the UK. Dear Nobody's attempt to address a social concern constructively and its representation of the young father's perspective were still relatively rare, and these factors together with the novel's literary merit must have contributed to its positive reception when it was published. Attitudes to teenage sexuality became much more liberal in Britain between the 1970s and the 1990s, both in public policy and in private. A teenager who became pregnant in the 1970s would have had every reason to worry. The government officially disapproved of sex before marriage (Farrell 1978, p. 18), and children born outside of marriage were considered illegitimate in law and stigmatised as a result. However, little was done to help teenagers take steps to avoid becoming pregnant. Schofield (1973) found that just 9% of working-class boys and 20% of girls in the late 1960s had received any formal sex education at school (p.25). By 1978, over half of all teenagers had still never learned about birth control in school (Farrell 1978, p. 44). For those who had, obtaining contraceptives was far from easy. …" @default.
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• W234570 date "2008-05-01" @default.
• W234570 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W234570 title "'A Great Ghastly Mistake'?: Approaches to Teenage Pregnancy in K. M. Peyton's Pennington's Heir and Berlie Doherty's Dear Nobody" @default.
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