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- W2346068051 abstract "Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species which can usually be found in foodstuffs. Regulation (EC) 1881/2006, partially amended by other Regulations, sets maximum contents of some mycotoxins in different foodstuffs allowing to evaluate risks and take actions to protect public health. Contaminated crops such as cereals and cereal-based products are the main source of mycotoxins and they represent one of the most consumed commodity. Therefore, in this PhD Thesis rapid and selective analytical procedures based on gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), with triple quadrupole mass analyzer (QqQ), were developed in order to determine Fusarium mycotoxins in several food matrices, mainly in those widely consumed. Proposed methodologies were validated according to the European guidelines recommendations and satisfactory results were obtained. Occurrence of mycotoxins was found in an important percentage of samples. Wheat-based products showed the highest incidence of mycotoxins (67.6%); nonetheless, the mycotoxin levels found were lower than the maximum permitted contents. Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was also found in 10.8% of analyzed food matrices (n = 418), being deoxynivalenol and HT-2 toxin the most frequent combination found. An exposure assessment was carried out by combining food consumption data and the results of mycotoxin contamination here obtained. In general terms, mycotoxin daily intakes were lower than tolerable daily intakes and thus, the exposure to these food contaminants would not imply a risk for the average consumer. However, special attention should be paid to susceptible population groups such as children since they show a higher exposure due to their wide cereal consumption and their lower body weight. On the other hand, an analytical method for determining mycotoxins and metabolites in human urine was developed and validated. Moreover, an enzymatic hydrolysis by β-glucuronidase was applied to liberate mycotoxins from Phase II metabolism products. The cleavage of DON glucuronide by β-glucuronidase hydrolysis allowed the total DON quantitation. Results showed occurrence of mycotoxins in 69% of analyzed samples (n = 55) being deoxynivalenol the most frequent toxin. Conjugation rate here experimentally obtained was greater than 70%. The exposure to mycotoxins was also assessed throughout the obtained concentration from the analyzed urine samples. It was obtained a deoxynivalenol intake above 50% of the provisional tolerable daily intake in over 50% of the individuals. One tenth of exposed subjects exceeded the safety levels. So, exposure data obtained by urine analysis were higher than those calculated by food analysis. Finally, taken into account the correlation between intake and excretion of mycotoxins, and in order to reduce the uncertainty associated to the assessment through the analysis of food, mycotoxin biomarkers in urine are suggested to carry out exposure studies." @default.
- W2346068051 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2346068051 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W2346068051 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2346068051 title "Analytical study and exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins = Estudio analítico y de exposición a micotoxinas de Fusarium" @default.
- W2346068051 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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