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• W2346604058 abstract "Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the princi­ pal resident phagocytes in the human lung and playa major role in the local defense against environmental agents. The first event that occurs when foreign material en­ ters the body is its uptake by phagocytes, generally by nonimmunological mecha­ nisms (llya Metchnikoff, 1882). But we know now that this cell is involved in the development and expression of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses [22]; AM has been considered for a long time as an accessory cell; in fact it plays a central role by handling and presenting the anti­ gen and by regulating the immune re­ sponse; moreover AM is an important se­ cretory cell involved in the production of a number ofbioactive materials that regulate other cellular functions [29]. Some lines of evidence suggest that AM could play an important role in the patho­ physiology of lung hypersensitivity dis­ eases, such as bronchial asthma [8]. For example, AM can be specifically activated by an IgE-dependent mechanism [9, 28] in vitro as well as in vivo, to release a number of inflammatory mediators. Besides, the functional activity of AM appears to be im­ paired in cases of bronchial asthma, such as their suppressor activity in allergic asth­ matics [1] or their ability to release some prostanoids in asthma with aspirin idiosyn­ crasy [8]. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) method, which is well tolerated by asth­ matic patients, allows us to obtain AM in great number and to study them in vitro. In this chapter we will summarize some knowledge concerning the AM from asth­ matic patients; most of the studies have been made with allergic asthmatic patients. 19.1 Studies of AM In Vitro BAL in asthmatic patients: Details about performing BAL have been given in many papers, and owing to the popularity of this method of obtaining the so-called broncho­ alveolar cells, extensive literature is de­ veloping. Our own experience demon­ strates that fiberoptic bronchoscopy with BAL can be safely performed (for research purposes) in patients with (mild) asthma. Differential cell counts of Wright's stained preparations after cytocentrifugation indi­ cate that 80 to 95% of the cells from each lavage are macrophages. The cellular composition of BAL fluids in asthmatics has been reported in Chapter 26." @default.
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• W2346604058 date "1987-01-01" @default.
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• W2346604058 title "This work was in part supported by the Fonds Special du Comit(: National de Lutte contre les Maladies Respiratoires." @default.
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