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- W2346852245 abstract "The following review will discuss a range of both chronic and acute respiratory disorders that the anaesthetist has to manage during the perioperative period. The diseases covered include: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, sleep apnoea hypoventilation syndrome (SAHS), upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary contusion. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease will be followed through from preoperative assessment, to intraoperative management and postoperative care. Following this, specific details of the other respiratory problems will be discussed. For each disease, information that is new and relevant to anaesthesia will be stressed. COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a spectrum of lung disorders from emphysema on one extreme to chronic bronchitis on the other. Features typical to all expressions of the disease include: a history of smoking, progressive dyspnoea, physical and laboratory findings of expiratory airway obstruction, lack of reversibility on standard pulmonary flow tests with bronchodilators, cough with/ without sputum production, the ultimate development of hypoxaemia and possibly hypercapnia, the frequent development of cor pulmonale, frequent lower respiratory tract infections often progressing to respiratory failure; and a poor prognosis with death often occurring a few years after the onset of hypercapnia or heart failure. Individual patients may have a degree of asthmatic bronchitis with a reversible component to their COPD. The incidence of COPD can be up to 25% of a North American adult population) It is the commonest major respiratory difficulty that anaesthetists have to manage and has not shown any tendency to a decreased prevalence. Any potential decrease in the incidence of COPD due to environmental changes or smoking habits has been offset by the increasing age of the population. Within the spectrum of COPD there are a few diagnoses due to congenital (Kartagener's syndrome, a~, antitrypsin deficiency etc.) or acquired (industrial fume exposure) disease. For the anaesthetist, these sub-diagnoses do not alter management. Pathophysiology" @default.
- W2346852245 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2346852245 date "1992-01-01" @default.
- W2346852245 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2346852245 title "Perioperative respira- tory assessment and management" @default.
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