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• W2347696502 abstract "The xiangyue (village rules and conventions; villa ge org anization for local self-government) in the Song Dynasty served as the source a nd example of the xiangyue in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but this kind of orga nization wasn't so important as in the latter two dynasties. To promote educatio n in villages, xiangyu in the Song Dynasty was started by the local gentry. Whil e it was voluntary to join the organization, it was the established rules to pus h its educational plan. It was Lǚ Dajun, a Neo-Confucian in the Northern Song Dynasty, who originated xiangyue. What was known as ″Lǚ's xiangyue″ set an example for others, althou gh it lasted for no more than 5 to 6 years, and was geographically confined to h is home village. Its short life was due to the resistance from both his relative s and friends and social sectors. To prevent possible dangers, Lǚ's brother Lǚ Dafang once suggested changing xiangyue into family rules, but was refused. Con fronted with more and more queries and suggestions later, however, Lǚ did make some necessary adjustments at last. In the Song Dynasty, there were still other Neo-Confucians dedicated to pushing xiangyue, such as Yang Fang, Hu Yong, C heng Yongqi, and Pan Bing. But their activities were generally quite limited, too. The major problems in doing so, especially the core content of education being p ushed during the Song Dynasty were ascribed to the lack of government support. I n addition, it was rather difficult to carry out the so-called xiangyue simply by the principle of voluntary participation, but compulsory measures like restri ction on interests and severe punishment would be liable to mounting disapproval by villagers. This shows that the local gentry in the Song Dynasty were not pow erful enough to control grassroots social organizations. Xiangyue, together with shecang (public grannary) and shuyuan (academy of cl assi cal learning), constituted the principal part of social practice for Neo-Con fucianism. It represented xing (practice), one of the two dimensions of Neo -Confucians, the other being zhi (knowledge). It was a blueprint designed b y Neo-Confucians for the purpose of practicing their moral ideal, and demonst rated the wis h of the Song Dynasty gentry-class to readjust the social order according t o th eirideal. Pitifully, its implementation went beyond their power, and lacked the grassroots support. Anyway, however, xiangyue was a constructive model, prov iding a basic framework for the xiangyue in the Ming and Qing Dynasties." @default.
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• W2347696502 date "2005-01-01" @default.
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• W2347696502 title "On the Promotion of Xiangyue in the Song Dynasty" @default.
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