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• W2347717175 abstract "A technique for measuring colonic transit time is a useful tool in the evalua­ tion of patients with complaints of severe constipation. Objective measure­ ment of transit times provides a portion of the information necessary to pursue a logical form of treatment and to monitor outcome. Techniques used to measure colonic transit time can be classified as radiological, colorimetric, particulate, chemical and isotopic (see also Chap. 12). The ideal marker should be inert and non-toxic, remain completely unabsorbed and unmetabolised, be easily measured, have no appreciable bulk and mix well with intestinal contents. The use of radio-opaque markers has the advantage that the passage of the markers can be simply observed by making serial radiographs either of the abdomen or of the stools. The progression time of markers along the colon is an objective indication of colonic transit time. Direct proof that markers are travelling at the same rate as food residues is difficult and has not been obtained for any marker. But the observations that these markers have a similar specific gravity (1.05) to the gut content and that they travel at similar rates to a liquid and finely powdered marker are good indirect evidence [1]. A single value for transit time is obtained if a single solid marker is studied. But, since in constipation the stools tend to be infrequent, it is most convenient to give more markers and to record the passage of a large fraction of them. The first well-known study on radio-opaque markers was that by Hinton et al. [1]. Twenty markers were administered, and the stools were collected and put in a bag. The disappearance of the markers from the gut or their appearance in the stools was observed by taking serial radiographs of the stools. The times taken to pass the first marker, a proportion of the markers and all the markers were studied. The authors found that the last one or two markers tended to be disproportionately delayed, and that the most satisfactory way of expressing the results was to take the times for the passage of the first marker and of 80% of the markers. The results in 25 normals showed that the first marker was passed by the end of the third day, and that 80% had passed by the end of the fifth day. A similar technique involves the ingestion of 50 markers and the per­ formance of radiography 5 days later. A total of more than 20 markers (40%) left in the colon is considered pathological [2-4]." @default.
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• W2347717175 date "1993-01-01" @default.
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• W2347717175 title "13 Transit Time Measurement" @default.
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