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- W2347990028 abstract "There are only a few reports on amphibian(mainly newt)gonadal differentiation and the effect of temperature on sex differentiation.This paper describes the migration of primordial germ cells(PGCs),formation of the germinal ridge and primordial gonad,and gonadal differentiation of rice frog Rana limnocharis.The effect of temperature on its gonad differentiation was also investigated.In newly hatched tadpoles,PGCs were located in the dorsal mesentery.In day 1 tadpoles,PGCs migrated to the peritoneal epithelium beside the dorsal mesentery.The germinal ridges were formed on the peritoneal epithelium of day 4(Gosner stage 25)tadpoles.Two types of cells could be distinguished in the germinal ridges:PGCs and somatic cells.The differentiation of germinal ridge into primordial gonad was observed on day 17(Gosner stage 26).In the primordial gonad,there was a primary cavity.From day 22(Gosner stage 32)on,primordial gonads began to differentiate into ovaries.Testes began to differentiate on day 30(Gosner stage 36).Rana limnocharis displays two unique characteristics of gonadal differentiation.The first concerns the formation of the germinal ridge.In general,when the germinal ridge forms in vertebrates,there are no PGCs associated with it.PGCs normally migrate into the germinal ridge later on.However,in Rana limnocharis,after PGCs migrate to the peritoneal epithelium,they are surrounded by some somatic cells from the peritoneal epithelium.PGCs and somatic cells form the germinal ridge and protrude into the dorsal coelom.The second distinct characteristic involved gonadal formation.In vertebrates,if a cavity appears in the primordial gonad,it will differentiate into an ovary,otherwise it will become a testis.However,in Rana limnocharis,there is a primary cavity in every primordial gonad,regardless of whether it will become an ovary or a testis.Day 17 to day 34(Gosner stage 26-36)was a sensitive period of time for gonadal differentiation in Rana limnocharis.From day 2(Gosner stage 25)on,tadpoles were divided into 5 groups.Every group was cultured under one of the five temperatures:18℃±1℃,23℃-25℃,30℃±1℃,32℃±1℃ and 34℃±1℃.The control group was held at 23℃-25℃.The sex ratio in the control group was approximately 1∶1(female to male was 1∶1.06).In the 18℃±1℃ group,female to male was 1.83∶1.The rate of male gonadal differentiation was progressively higher from 30℃±1℃ to 34℃±1℃.In the 30℃±1℃ group,the male rate was 62.1%(P0.01),and in 32℃±1℃ group,66.4%(P0.01).When the temperature was 34℃±1℃,the male rate was as high as 74.0%(P0.01).At higher temperature,some individuals displayed hermaphroditic characteristics.These results show that sex determination in Rana limnocharis is temperature senisitive.High water temperatures will induce masculination.Global temperature change may skew the sex ratio of TSD animals and current global warming represents a risk for extant TSD species,including Rana limnocharis." @default.
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- W2347990028 date "2008-01-01" @default.
- W2347990028 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W2347990028 title "Gonad differentiation and the effects of temperature on sex determination in the rice frog Rana limnocharis" @default.
- W2347990028 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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