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• W2352003009 abstract "The present paper deals with the subject in three parts:1. The erection of a new superfamily-Cassidoidea.2. The classification of Cassidoidea.3. The classification of Chrysomeloidea.I. The Cassidoidea, a new superfamilyThe new superfamily here erected is exactly identical to the old group Cryptostoma of Chapuis, comprising the Hispinae and the Cassidinae. It is chiefly characterized by the tarsi which are truly the fourth one being fused with the fifth to form a single segment (Fig. 1). The fusion is sometimes incomplete, and in this case, the fused segment is distinctly thickened at base, or even with some traces of segmentation indicating its composite origin (Fig. 2). In the Chrysomeloidea, the tarsi are often described as apparently 4-segmented, but they are actually 5-segmented (Fig. 3), the fourth segment is distinctly present, well-defined, though usually small and concealed in the notch of the third.The two subfamilies are distinguished as follows:Cassidoidea: Tarsi 4-segmented (Fig. 1, 2); abdomen with 8 visible tergites, the 8th one forming the pygidium (Fig. 4) ; first two visible sternites more or less connate (with rase exceptions); head opisthognathous, its frontal part directed downwards and backwards, mouthparts visible only on underside, sometimes hidden in the thoracic cavity; antennal insertions closely approximated, nearly contiguous.Chrysomeloidea: Tarsi 5-segmented, the 4th one very small, inconspicuous (Fig. 3) ; abdomen usually with 7 visible tergites, the 7th one forming the pygidium (Fig. 5) ; first two sternites usually free, not connate; head prognathous or hypognathous, if hy-pognathous, antennal insertions always widely apart.The two groups thus differ from each other at least in three important points: tarsal formula, head orientation and abdominal segmentation. We hope we are justified in separating them into two superfamilies.II. The classification of CassidoideaUnder the new superfamily, four families may be recognized; they are: Aniso-deridae, Hispidae, Callispidae and Cassididae. Key to the families1(2) Head deeply inserted in thorax in repose, with the mouth-parts partly or entirely hidden; prono-tum and elytra usually with broad marginal expansions, the former often covering the head. Larva ectoparasitie, with a pair of caudal forks. Eggs contained in ootheca. Food-plants:Dicotyledons (with rare exceptions) Cassididae2(1) Head less deeply inserted in thorax, mouth-parts wholly exposed beneath:3(4) Claws divergent (Fig. 6); elytra usually spinose or tuberculate, especially in the old world species. Larva endoparasitic, without caudal forks. No ootheca. Food-plants: Monocotyledonsand Dicotyledons Hispidae4(3) Claws divaricate (Fig. 7); body above not spinose, elytra sometimes costate:5(6) Mouth cavity more or less circular in outline, broader than long. Larva endoparasitic (with rareexceptions), without caudal forks. No ootheca. Food-plants: Monocotyledons Anisoderidae6(5) Mouth cavity oval in outline, longer than broad. Larva ectoparasitie, with a pair of caudal forks (Fig. 8-10). Eggs contained in ootheca (Callispa). Food-plants: Monocotyledons CallispidaeComparing the new with the old, our Cassid family corresponds exactly to the subfamily Cassidinae of the old system, but the three other families are new developments; all from the old subfamily Hispinae with the original tribes distributed as follows:Anisoderidae: 1. Anisoderini (+Botryonopini), 2. Cryptonychini, 3. Eurispini (+ Aproidini), 4. Prosopodontini, 5. Alurnini, 6. Pharangispini, 7. Coelaenomenoderini, 8. Promecothecini, 9. Cephaloleiini, 10. Arescini, 11. Hibosispini, 12. Gonophorini.Hispidae: 1. Exothispini, 2. Chaeridionini, 3. Oncoeephalini, 4. Hispini, 5. Scelo-enoplini, 6. Hispoleptini, 7. Chalepini, 8. Uroplatini.Callispidae: 1. Callispini, 2. Leptispini, 3. Oediopalpini.Tribes of uncertain position: 1. Hemisphaerotini, 2. Spilophorini, 3. Delocranini, 4. Imatidiini.III. The classification of ChrysomeloideaIn a previous paper on the Evolution and Classification of the Chrysomelid Beetles (1964), We" @default.
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• W2352003009 date "1973-01-01" @default.
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• W2352003009 title "The classification of leaf beetles" @default.
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