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• W2355131151 abstract "Marine sediments,the sinks for pollutants,are widely recognized as a potential source of pollution,not only because they are always toxic above a certain level,but also they linger at sea bottom for long period.The sediments may therefore be indicative of long and medium-term metal loads.Heavy metals can be natural components of sediments.They come from rock outcrops and soils due to their geochemical mobility.They can be also anthropogenic,as artificial pollutants coming from industrial or urban discharges.Jiaozhou Bay is a semi-enclosed bay in eastern part of Shandong Peninsula,China,390 km~2 and 7 m deep in average,surrounded by Qingdao City with 7 million population.A dozen of small rivers meet in the bay;the largest one is Dagu River,in annual average runoff of 6.61×10~8 m~3.Most of these rivers have become discharge passages for industrial and household wastes.In this study,concentrations of heavy metals(Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu,As,Hg,Cr,Al,Fe,and Mn) in surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay were determined and the average enrichment factors(AEFs) were used to assess the metal contamination.The contents of organic matter in samples in Jiaozhou Bay varied considerably,ranging between 27.72% and 0.89%.High concentration occurred in Haipo River mouth and Loushan River mouth,while low concentration in outer bay.In inner bay,the levels of organic matter were in median level between 4.91%—10.23%.The organic material in the sediment was positively related with Cu,Zn,Cd,and Hg.As a good binding substrate for these metals,organic matter can cause change of these metals in the sediments.Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,and Hg had a similar distribution pattern with the one in 1989;however,all the mean values were higher in this study.Compared to other bays in China,the contents of Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn,and Hg were higher than those in Bohai Bay;the mean value of Pb(35.17 mg/kg) was very close to the mean value of Pb((38.9) mg/kg) in Honghai Bay(near Shanwei of Guangdong),but the Zn content doubled for nearly 100 times in Jiaozhou Bay.As a whole,these metals distributed mainly in the eastern part of Jiaozhou Bay near river outfalls and the Qingdao Harbor.Moreover,a clear gradually declining in the concentration was shown from river mouths to outer sea.Anthropogenic inputs to inner bay were clearly indicated.But for As,there was an exception.High As values were observed at Dagu River mouth and near Qingdao Harbor,which may have resulted from run-off from agricultural areas using As-rich fertilizers or pesticides,or busy ocean shipping.In total metal concentration,Cu and Cr showed the closest positive correlation,indicating their similar origin and behavior.To estimate the possible hazard of heavy metal contamination in the bay,the average enrichment factors,an indicator of average concentration of a given metal,and the background value were calculated.Using the classification of Hkanson(1980),the metals in this bay can be divided into three groups: 1) negligible to low contamination,including Zn,Pb,Cr,Mn,and Fe;2) moderate contamination including Cu and Cd;3) severe contamination,including As and Hg.These findings are supported by the results of principal component analysis(PCA).Three principal components were identified taking 86.48% of the total variance.Factor 1,the general loading of the bottom sediment with heavy metals,accounted for 52.61% and characterized by high levels of Cu,Cd and Cr.Therefore,Factor 1 is closely related to the point sources of metal contamination.Factor 2 accounted for 17.37% of the total variance.A high and positive loading occurred for LOI,corresponding closely to the concentration of organic matter in the bottom sediments,indicated the importance of the organic matter in banding metal ions in the sediments.The concentrations of elements examined were positively correlated with LOI.Thus,the degradation of organic matter and their concomitants would release metals and become secondary source of metal pollutant.Factor 3 was characterized by a high positive contribution of Fe and Mn.Fe and Mn are included in same geochemical matrix with other heavy metal elements;they could therefore be used as an indicator to heavy metal pollution.A large amount of untreated land-sourced metal-bearing discharges entering the bay without getting sufficient dilution in the bay or fast transportation to outer sea,have caused the heavy metal accumulation in sediment.(Besides,) organic matters are important for the re-distribution and accumulation in the sediments." @default.
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• W2355131151 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W2355131151 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2355131151 title "DISTRIBUTION AND ENRICHMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS OF JIAOZHOU BAY" @default.
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