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• W2358808810 abstract "In this paper we survey how colour revolutions have succeeded or failed in post communist spaces to identify the correlation between the attitude of the authorities, and their capacity to produce a backlash, and the failure of a colour revolution. By analysing the role of external forces in colour revolutions we explore problems associated with the export of democracy to post-socialist spaces, suggesting that colour revolutions have prompted a validation of actors, their performances and claims by the authorities that have then learned to use those techniques to challenge the opposition. This limited the effect of colour revolutions in the remaining countries. 1. INTRODUCTION: WHAT IS SUI GENERIS ABOUT COLOUR REVOLUTIONS? In recent years, post-socialist spaces have undergone a series of social and political changes, often initiated from the bottom of society, that have come to be known as 'colour revolutions.' Starting with apparently isolated initiatives in Slovakia and Serbia in the twilight of the twentieth century, many post-Soviet republics have witnessed attempts to carry out colour revolutions. The wave of non-violent protests in Eastern Europe and Central Asia is unique given its regularity, frequency and geographical concentration (Bunce and Wolchuk 2007; O Beachain and Polese 2009, 2010). These colour revolutions have followed a similar pattern: in the framework of an electoral contest, a civic campaign to guarantee free and fair elections is established. Normally, local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) take the lead (often coordinated with political forces) and benefit from 'know how' acquired through international trainings and manuals. Through a joint effort, civil society and political actors follow a two-pronged strategy: they seek to discredit the regime (negative campaign) while pushing people to go to the polls (positive campaign). The assumption is that where the regime is sufficiently unpopular, a high turnout will allow a resourceful opposition to win the elections. Should the regime refuse to acknowledge the popular verdict (by falsifying the vote or simply refusing to step down), people are called on to the streets and a general strike is called until the status quo changes (this may mean that the authorities step down or that they crush the protesters). Every revolution involves a confrontation between the elite and an opposition, as Tilly (1978) reminds; however, in the case of the colour revolutions, this confrontation had the innovative feature of occurring during an election campaign when the opposition sharpened civil disobedience tools, forged alliances with civil society, and reached out and called upon the masses to defy the regime. Inviting people to the streets is the result of an elaborate strategy perfected over many years. The principle is very simple: as long as an unpopular regime is facing a test (elections), encourage people to 'vote their mind' and the regime will" @default.
• W2358808810 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2358808810 date "2010-12-01" @default.
• W2358808810 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2358808810 title "What happened to the colour revolutions? Authoritarian responses from former Soviet spaces" @default.
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