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- W2360178644 abstract "The Kingdom Animalia is here divided into three subkingdoms: Diploblasta,Protostomia and Deuterostomia.Cambrian Explosion,including its first episode represented by small skeletal fossils(SSFs) at base of Cambrian and succeeding main episode represented by Chengjiang faunas(CFs),together with its prelude represented by Ediacaran faunas,have been recognized to give birth of whole morphological tree of animals(or metazoans),for short TOA.Its seed in Precambrian,some sort of protists from which complete TOA have grown,remains unknown paleontologically.Ediacaran fauna was dominated by diploblasts(the trunk of TOA) with a few possible stem-group triploblasts,the Early Cambrian in two phases explosively yielded almost all major triploblastic crown-branches(Bilateria: huge crown of TOA),which include other two Subkingdoms: first extremely diverse protostomes in Meishucunian Age and followed by a nearly entire lineage of early deuterostomes,i.e.the early or even oldest representatives of all six major groups in deuterostomes from Chengjiang,including echinoderms,hemichordates,urochordates,cephalochordates and vertebrates.As all major branches of Tree of Animals had been formed at Chengjiang Age,the Cambrian Explosion reached its summit and also principally came to end by Early Cambrian.Among four most significant milestone events of morphological origins and radiations in animal history,the first one(i.e.appearance of metazoans) took place in Ediacaran Period or deeper times,and other three can be practically seen from Chengjiang and Meishucunian windows.The newly discovered extinct Phylum Vetulicolia,which has primitively segmented body with simple gill slits in its anterior division,most probably represents one of roots in deuterostome subkingdom.Sharing mosaic basic features of both bilateral vetulicolians and some primitive echinoderms homalozoans,the soft-bodied vetulocystids are best regarded as one of roots of extant pentamerous radial echinoderms.Standing on top of deuterostome super-branch in early Cambrian TOA are the first fish Myllokunmingia and Haikouichthys,which bear definite paired eyes and salient proto-vertebrae and then should represent real root of whole vertebrates or craniates.On contrary,yunnanozoans,including Yunnanozoon and Haikouella,possess neither eyes and reliable vertebrae,nor myomeres,may have nothing to do with craniates or vertebrates.On other hand,sharing a similar body-plan with vetulicolians,those enigmatic creatures might be best treated as a side-branch in lower deuterostomes.The appearance of gill slits in Vetulicolians and formation of real brain and most primitive vertebrae in the First Fish have been recognized as two of most significant milestones in evolution from protostomes to vertebrates." @default.
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- W2360178644 date "2009-01-01" @default.
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- W2360178644 title "Cambrian Explosion:Formation of Tree of Animals" @default.
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