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• W236019757 abstract "Memories of Migration: Gender, Ethnicity and Work in Lives of Jewish and Italian Women in New York, 1870-1924, by kathie Friedman-KasabaKathie Friedman-Kasaba re-considers migration of Jewish and Italian women to New York city, criticizing previous frameworks which have emphasized a pushpull/assimilationist model or a historical-structural approach. Instead she urges us to examine interconnection between global processes which fostered migration in late ninteenth and early twentith centuries and construction of gender, race, and class formations. Like other recent analysts she sees women as actors within their households, neighborhoods, and ethnic communities. She seeks to understand variability in women's experiences and strategies, contrasts both between single women and mothers and between Jewish and Italian immigrants.In her chapters on origins of Jewish and Italian female migration, I learned a great deal about changing political economy in Europe and its impact on migration. For example, young Jewish women were much more involved in wage labor (for example, in garment factories or as homeworkers) and Italian women much more occupied with farm labor (to make up for absent husbands who had already migrated) than many other studies suggest. Friedman-Kasaba highlights role of state in these chapters, which is a welcome approach since we often have relied on economic explanations without taking into account way in which governmental policy has actively shaped immigration. For instance, Italian state encouraged temporary migration of men, while in Russia government, through restricting occupations Sews could take up, first brought women into paid labor force and then encouraged them to migrate.In her chapters on United States, Friedman-Kasaba particularly focuses on issues of racialization, and this is section of book (Chapters 4 and 5) that makes greatest contribution to literature on women and migration. Friedman-Kasaba examines importance of racial nativism (the application of racial categories to immigrant populations from Southern and Eastern European backgrounds) in shaping middle-class reformers' views of both married and single Italian and Jewish women. Female reformers tended to see married immigrant women as childlike, often taking a maternalist position in terms of uplifting and assimilating them. Through settlement houses and organizations like North American Civic League for Immigrants, middle-class female reformers set out to reform domestic work routines and child care practices of Jewish and Italian mothers. Reformers disapproved of cash-earning strategies which would make women less dependent on their husbands and sought instead to get women to budget more, to change food they cooked, and to learn how to make clothes for their children. In case of single women, reformers were more concerned with the white slave trade (and other aspects of prostitution) as well as purity and moral standing of young women. Through various organization (including those founded by German-Jewish women to aid Russian immigrants), women reformers advocated vocational training, including some programs that were out of touch with realities of industrial labor market. …" @default.
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• W236019757 date "1999-10-31" @default.
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• W236019757 title "Memories of Migration: Gender, Ethnicity and Work in the Lives of Jewish and Italian Women in New York, 1870-1924, by Kathie Friedman-Kasaba" @default.
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