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- W236460042 abstract "ABSTRACT: This paper describes early research and current trends in prenatal brain growth, development of the auditory system, and characteristics of the fetal environment including auditory stimuli. Questions which initiated the investigator's longitudinal study of pre and postnatal response to musical stimuli are discussed. The protocol for the research, nature of specific musical stimulus sources, pre and postnatal behavioral response, and implications for accelerated musical and speech development are discussed. A review of data collection procedures, and observations regarding infant cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development of the subjects involved in the study will be presented. Plans for continued observation of both control and experimental subjects are described. My interest in both the handicapped and the musically gifted young child dates from the early '60s, and forms the basis for this status report of a study of prenatal and postnatal response to musical stimuli initiated as a result of my association with the Japanese musician and educator, Shinichi Suzuki. You may recall that Suzuki's work has always included the handicapped as well as the average and talented children. It was Suzuki who speculated about the possibility that the unborn child was able to respond to recorded violin repertoire. Conversations with him during the research study Project Super I directed at the Eastman School of Music from 1966-1970, and subsequent consultation with audiologist Lawrence Dalzell of the University of Rochester Medical School, encouraged me to embark on the investigation of prenatal response to musical stimuli discussed in this paper (Shetler, 1985). It was after reading Dr. Thomas Verny's book The secret Life of the Unborn Child, (1981) and listening to a graduate student describe the movements her in utero child was making while she was playing the piano, that I began in earnest to investigate the phenomenon of in utero sensory response. The observation that the prenatal infant responds to external stimuli is not a recent one. In early oriental societies, in China and Japan, a child's age is reckoned to be one year at birth. Sir Thomas Browne, 17th century physician and philosopher wrote: Every man is some months older than he bethinks him, for we live, move, have being, and are subject to the elements and the malices of diseases, in that only world, the truest microcosm, the womb of our mother, (cited in MacFarlane, 1977, p. 5) Reviews of research by Sontag (1935), Sontag and Wallace (1935), Sontag and Newberry (1940), Forbes and Forbes (1927), Grimwade (1970), Grimwade, Walker, and Wood (1971), Sakabe (1969), Bench (1968), Read and Miller (1977), produced ample evidence that the issue of prenatal auditory response had been an increasingly important area for scientific investigation. In addition to the studies reported by obstetricians and other medical professionals, questions of in utero activity, including the fascinating issue of prenatal memory and learning have been explored by a growing number of psychologists since the 1940s. Most prominent and empirically based reports are those by MacFarlane (1977), Annis (1978), Ferreira (1960), Montagu (1962), Spelt (1948), Salk (1960,1962, 1966), Liley (1972), Wedenberg (1964, 1970), De Casper and Fifer (1980), Smotherman (1982), Eimas et al. (1980, 1982, 1984), and Panneton (1985). Among the questions that would interest a music psychologist-or an educational researcher-are those that focus first on the physiology and neuroanatomy of the fetus. Correlated issues that call for investigation are those that deal with the ontogeny of primate auditory and cortical systems as they impinge on memory and learning. 1. Can the fetal infant hear? 2. What does it hear, and how does it respond? 3. Does the prenatal infant respond differently to a variety of stimuli? 4. …" @default.
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- W236460042 date "1989-04-01" @default.
- W236460042 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W236460042 title "The Inquiry into Prenatal Musical Experience: A Report of the Eastman Project 1980-1987" @default.
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