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• W236854123 abstract "On February 20, 1842, Catholics living in Boston's North End gathered together in the afternoon for vespers at St. Mary's Church. In keeping with the custom of the time, the parishioners had heard Mass earlier that Sunday morning, and were attending the later services to complete their devotions for the day. At the appointed time co-pastor Rev. Thomas J. O'Flaherty took up the prayer book and began to read from it. The priest did not get far, however, before sensing a disturbance. Throughout the congregation he heard hissing, scraping of feet, and then shouting. The commotion escalated, and a number of parishioners cried out Down, down with him! Down with the tyrant! Father O'Flaherty and Rev. John Fitzpatrick, then serving as co-pastor, tried to restore order, but to no avail. As a last resort they called in the city police, and declared the service to be at an end. Eventually eighteen men were arrested for rioting that day.1 During the years leading up to the Civil War a number of episodes similar to the one at St. Mary's occurred in and around Boston. Indeed, in the weeks surrounding the North End riot, Catholics made three protests in the region. In Salem, parishioners formed a committee and announced their intention to shut their pastor out of the church and expel him from his office. In Taunton parishioners called a meeting to protest the appointment of a certain priest to their parish. And in Providence, Rhode Island, Catholics of one church wrote to Bishop Benedict Fenwick, head of the diocese, and complained about a priest recently appointed to serve them -- later a lay committee actually seized possession of the church and other property in protest.2 Despite the prevalence of occurrences such as these we are largely unfamiliar with them and consequently unaware of their historical significance. Our understanding of the period has been shaped by the work of historians who have focused on anti-Catholicism especially as seen in episodes like the burning of the Ursuline convent in Charlestown in 1834, and the riot between Yankee firemen and Irish funeral marchers in Broad Street in 1837.3 Conflict within the Catholic community, however, has not received much attention. In fact, the few historians who have discussed the problem of parish government in the region have categorized lay activists as obnoxious and scandalous.'4 This article offers a new interpretation of these events by arguing that more than anything else they reveal opposing attitudes toward lay participation in parish affairs. It focuses on the city of Boston alone, since the history of the topic there is sufficiently rich to reveal all of the issues that surfaced in the region and throughout the United States. As shall be seen, the Boston example both converges with and departs from the experience of Catholics in other areas. The article will first examine Catholic parish government from about 1790 to 1825, when cooperation between clergy and laity was the norm. The focus, however, is on the period from 1825 to 1845, when conflict regularly appeared as the principals involved in parish government were guided by different values. Difficulties continued beyond this date, but slowly authoritarian views of church government became more broadly accepted, so that during the last decades of the century a measure of tranquility took hold. The gradual change in this area was part of a broader transition experienced by the Catholic community in Boston in the early nineteenth century.5 A survey and analysis of Catholic parish government deepens our understanding of the Catholic community and its role within the larger society. In the years following American independence, many episodes of conflict occurred in American Catholic communities over the question of parish administration. One of the earliest episodes took place in New York City during the late 1790s, when the four elected lay trustees -- who exercised control over many of the temporal affairs of the Catholic community -- sided with some Catholics, and not others, on the question of who should serve as pastor. …" @default.
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• W236854123 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W236854123 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W236854123 title "Conflict in the Church and the City: The Problem of Catholic Parish Government in Boston, 1790-1865" @default.
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