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• W2369969649 abstract "Many important crops have been genetically engineered to produce various proteins, such as Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin, to increase their resistance to pests. The fate and persistence of insecticidal protein in transgenetic plants in the soil is an important issue because of possible direct and indirect effects of these insecticidal proteins on soil organisms. In addition, there is the potential for prolonged exposure of soil organisms to the insecticidal protein because of possible plant residue remaining in the soil post-harvest and post tillage. Furthermore, genetic engineering and tissue culturing of plants occasionally have caused unexpected changes in plant characteristics, including nutrition quality. Such changes could affect plant decomposition rate and carbon and nitrogen levels which in turn could impact soil fertility, processes and organisms. Rice is an agronomically important crop in China. In practice, rice straws are usually embedded into the soil to enhance the soil fertility. As a result, the toxins as well as the other expressed products may accumulate in the soil and could pose a hazard to the non-target soil microorganisms. To investigated the potential ecological impact of straw decomposition of transgenic plant on microbial flora, we conducted an experiment of influences of the straw decomposition of Bt transgenic rice (Bt-rice) and its parent (non-Bt-rice) on microbial flora under the laboratory conditions during 2001~2002. Transgenic and parental rice straw and soil were collected from the field. Straw and soil were air-dried in room temperature and ground into powder. The powder of straw and soil were mixed at the rate of 4∶100. The mixture was dispensed into a series of 250ml flasks with 250g per flask. The moisture of the medium was adjusted to 100 and was cultivated in 25℃. The Bt content, the population of bacteria, actinomyces, fungi and the activity of denitrifying bacteria and phosphate solubilizing microorganism were determined. The results showed as follows: (1) The concentration of Bt protein in the mixture of straw and soil decreased rapidly within 0~17 days (15.86ng/g for the third day and 6.864 ng/g for the twelfth day),then the decomposition became slower and mainteined at the level of 6.728~6.196ng/g. The changing trend of Bt was similar to the result of Palm's(1996). (2) There was a similar trend of bacterial number (CFU) during decomposition between Bt-rice, non-Bt rice and control, viz.arise at first stage and descend subsequently. Significant difference was found in the CFU of bacteria between Bt-rice and non-Bt rice, the CFU of non-Bt rice was higher than that of Bt rice (P0.05). (3) Except the third day and the sixth day of the initial decomposition, the CFU of fungi in Bt-rice was significantly higher than that of non-Bt rice and control, the result was similar to that Katherine reported (1996). (4) No significant regular was found in the CFU of actinomyces during the decomposition, there was a undulation in the CFU in non-Bt rice. Except the sixth day, ninth day,twenty-sixth day and thirty-fifth day, the CFU of non-Bt rice was significantly higher than that of Bt-rice (P0.05). (5) The activity of denitrifying bacteria in non-Bt-rice was significantly higher than that of Bt-rice (P0.05) at some sampling stage, no significant difference was found in the CFU and activity of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms between Bt-rice and non-Bt rice.Studies showed that the transgenic plants could cause the changes of microbial flora in soil ecosystem by remaining the straw and leaves in soil. So the influence of transgenic plants on soil micro-ecosystem should be clarified before commerical application. The nutrients released from straw decomposition can provide nature substrate for micro-organism in soil. In this study, no matter Bt-rice or non-Bt rice, the CFU of microbe in soil which contained straw was significantly higher than that of control without any straw. Significant difference was found in CFU of bacteria and fungi between Bt-rice and non-Bt rice, the CFU of" @default.
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• W2369969649 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W2369969649 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2369969649 title "Influence of the straw decomposition of Bt transgenic rice on soil culturable microbial flora" @default.
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