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- W2372019958 abstract "Bureau spang up in mid 19 century dealing with new government business.We can understand the step of the modernization of Late Qing Dynasty through the study of bureau.There were three phases for process of bureau.In the first phase,when bureau sprung up elementarily from 1853 to 1874,it can be divided into two different kinds,including the bureaus either for fundraising or for munition.In the second phase,bureau came to deal with the affairs after war and paid more attention to the civil administration.It enabled the development of local society,especially local self-government in Shanghai and Hankow.The third phase was the process of systematization of bureau.Bureau became one part of normal administration of the Empire in 1910's.The organizational forms of bureau also developed,including army aides and staff,participation of esquire and Bureaucracy." @default.
- W2372019958 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2372019958 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W2372019958 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2372019958 title "Bureau and the modernization of Late Qing" @default.
- W2372019958 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
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