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• W2373430709 abstract "Dibrachys cavus (Walker) is an ectoparasite of the cotton pink bollworm. It pro-duces 11--12 generations annually at Hangchow, Chekiang Province. It overwintersmainly in the larval stage within the cocoon of the parasitized overwintering cotton pinkbollworm. A maximun of 21, a minimun of 1, and an average of 10.67 hosts is parasi-tized by a single female. The average number of the offspring is 100.47, but when theparasite could not find sufficient hosts for oviposition, the number of the offspringrapidly decreased. The sex ratio of D. cavus is usually 80--90%. This species can re-produce parthenogenically, and individuals developed from the unfertilized eggs are allmales. The longevity of an adult varies according to sex and temperature. Under labo-ratory conditions, it was found that those adult parasites supplied with honey or hosts sur-vived longer than those without such. The egg stage lasts 2--5 days, the larval stagegenerally lasts 5--14 days, while the overwintering larval stage lasts 141--145 days, andthe pupal stage generally 5--35 days. A list of 148 host species (including subspecies) in 36 families, representing 6 orders,reported by other authors is given. In the laboratory D. cavus also attacked and com-pleted its development on Anchonoma xeraula Meyrick, Pristomerus chinensis Ashm. andan undetermined species of Apanteles, the last two being primary parasites of the cottonpink bollworm. It is easy to rear the parasite. A simple and inexpensive method of large-scaleproduction is reported. In April of 1961, over 1.16 million parasites were released tomore than 200 cotton warehouses in the villages of Siaoshan district. The average per-centage of parasitism in the colonized warehouses was more than two times that of theuntreated warehouses (check). In the check warehouses the average percentage of livingcotton pink bollworm was 19.32%, while that in the colonized warehouses was 0.86%. The overwintering cotton pink bollworm may be induced to spin its cocoon in thesandy loam and cocoons so formed are also suitable for rearing the parasite. It may bea desirable method for overcoming the difficulty of collecting the host in large numbers.The writer has kept the larvae of the parasite in a refrigerator at 0--10℃ for a periodof 64 days, and found them pupating and emerging normally after removal from the re-frigerator. These adults were normal with respect to longevity, capacity of parasitismand reproduction. But when the larvae of the parasite were kept too long in the re-frigerator (e.g., 300 days), they were severely impaired in longevity, capacity of parasi-tism and reproduction of adults. The succeeding generation from such larvae appearedto be nearly normal in vitality. The result of a preliminary comparison test showedthat the race of the parasite collected from Kiukiang, Hangchow or Yungtzi is better thanthat from Yuncheng. It was found possible to increase vitality of this parasite bybybridization with different races from distant localities. D. cavus may be a beneficialparasite or undesirable one depending on whether the hosts present are harmful or useful,a fact to be kept in view before starting to make use of this parasite. In the writer'sopinion, this parasite seems to be harmless when used for combating the overwinteringcotton pink bollworm." @default.
• W2373430709 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2373430709 date "1964-01-01" @default.
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• W2373430709 title "INVESTIGATIONS ON THE BIOLOGY AND UTILIZATION OF DIBRACHYS CAVUS (WALKER)" @default.
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