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• W2373726097 abstract "In recent years, much attention has been given to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) that catalyzes L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO). NOSs play significant roles in neurotransmission and smooth-muscle relaxation (constitutive NOS or cNOS) and in immunity (induced NOS or iNOS) in anti microbia, antivirus and anti-parasite. NOS has been considered as an important part in innate immune system, especially in that of invertebrates. In this study, iNOS, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was detected in haemocytes of Fenneropenaeus chinensis, by NBT reduction and haemocyte morphological studies. NBT reduction began with fixation by 4% formaldehyde, and then incubated in NADPH, induced by LPS. The induced haemocytes of F. chinensis have an ability to reduce NBT at higher levels than that treated with no NADPH but NADH (the differential significance P0.001). Results of haemocyte morphological studies showed that haemocytes of F. chinensis mainly are in amoeboid conformation with sporadic Escherichia coli congregated or clumped in their immediate vicinity. Treating haemocytes with LPS stimulates bacterial clumping around the big and round haemocytes. But by adding NOS inhibitor L-NMMA, the bacterial clumping resulting from LPS was stopped and the haemocytes returned to amoeboid conformation again. Adding nitric oxide donor-SNP stimulated both bacterial clumping around the haemocytes and promoting and maintaining haemocytes in big and round configuration. These results concluded that LPS has the same effect on haemocytes of F. chinensis to NO donor-SNP. This effect can be hindered by NOS inhibitor. Therefore, the haemocytes of F. chinensis have LPS-inducible NOS. Variation of iNOS enzyme activity was compared between healthy and WSSV (White Spot Syndrome Virus) infected shrimps using L-citrulline analysis and nitrite analysis. Results of both methods show that iNOS activity in haemocytes of F. chinensis had a general decreasing trend compared to the relatively stable value in healthy shrimps. iNOS activity in WSSV infected shrimp increased slightly 12 hours post-inoculation, but decreased sharply after 36 hours. Thereafter, decreasing gradually until the end of experiment when the shrimp died. Enzyme activity was only half that of the control 60 hours post-inoculation. In addition, NOS differences of LPS-induced with non-induced haemocytes in healthy F. chinensis are generally higher than that of the WSSV-infected shrimp. Meanwhile, LPS-induced iNOS activity also decreased significantly with passing time in WSSV infected shrimps. Detection of WSSV with the Dig-DNA Probe dot blot hybridization test showed WSSV could not be detected in F. chinensis until 36 hours after inoculation. These results suggest that WSSV infection can stimulate iNOS synthesis slightly in F. chinensis. However, enzyme activity decreased sharply after proliferation of the virus, and the shrimp became both moribund and died simultaneously. iNOS activity of haemocytes of F. chinensis closely correlated with the infection and proliferation of WSSV. Therefore, iNOS can be considered as a valuable index for indicating health status and immunocompetence of F. chinensis." @default.
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• W2373726097 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W2373726097 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2373726097 title "IDENTIFICATION OF INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (iNOS) IN HAEMOCYTES OF SHRIMP FENNEROPENAEUS CHINENSIS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY DURING ITS INFECTED BY WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS" @default.
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