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• W2373941094 abstract "The coastal levees in Shanghai are distributed in broad areas of Chongming (including Chongming Island, Changing Island and Hengsha Island), the southern bank of the Changjiang River mouth ( including Baoshan District, Pudong District and the north of Nanhui District) and the northern bank of the Hangzhouwan Bay (including the south of Nanhui District, Fengxian District and Jinshan District). They were constructed over a large span of time with different surface structure. In order to learn the present defensive criteria and practical defensive capability, typical sections of the levee are selected for the study. A lot of practical and up-to-date data and information show that defensive criteria of the coastal levee were met by and large in the period from 1997 to 2002, when up-to-the-criterion engineering construction of the levee was finished in Shanghai. The coastal levee can withstand the combination of the highest high tide that happens once in 100 years and force 11 typhoon on the Beaufort scale in the country area and the junction between the country and the city proper, and the combination of the highest high tide that happen once in 100 years and force typhoon in the city proper and large factory area. The criteria in these areas will be further increased in the future, that can withstand the highest high tide which may happen once in 200 years. Large-scale catastrophic damage has not happen since 2003, although typhoon occurred frequently in the period. However, the wind power has not reached the designed defense criteria of the levee, so their practical defense capability remains to be tested. Because changeable typhoon is defined by unchanged wind speed and the defense criteria were defined in the absence of statistics means, they can not show the practical state and unreason in the criteria is inevitable. Now the levee in Shanghai is constructed in deep water. The absence of shoal in the front of the levee not only influences the zoology and river regime, but also causes safety problems against typhoon. In the absence of wave dissipation by shoal plus the influence of deep water and strong wave, ultra-strong typhoon greatly threatens the safety of the new coastal levee. Long time might be needed for the potential risk to manifest. If the old coastal levee can be reserved, or only part of it be demolished in case of absolute necessity, or the unwanted top be cut, the inside old levee can play a great role to minimize the damage when storm surge destroy the new levee. The combined action of the new and old coastal levees will surely reduce the harm from typhoon. Hence the old ones should be reserved as far as possible." @default.
• W2373941094 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2373941094 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2373941094 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2373941094 title "Study on the present defensive capability of the coastal levees in Shanghai" @default.
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