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W2374882327 abstract "To determine the potential for controlling eutrophication in lakes by controlling external pollutant loadings and through in-lake interventions,a dynamic model for total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) was derived.Based on data of Chinese lakes and of L.Okeechobee in the USA the threshold concentrations,i.e.concentrations above which algae blooms are formed,were determined as 0.035 mg/L for TP for both lakes and 0.35 mg/L for TN in Dianchi Lake and 1.050 mg/L for TN in Taihu Lake.According to the observed data the percentages of TP and TN loading that exceed the volume for maintaining the concentration in the lake that is lower these thresholds and therefore would require nutrient control to prevent algae blooms are 78%(both for TP and TN) for Dianchi Lake in 1995,and 69 % for TP and 56 % for TN for Taihu Lake in 1987～1988.However,the financial requirements for construction of wastewater treatment plants and sewer collection networks,and for reducing non-point source nutrient loadings from agriculture are immense and the timespan required to achieve beneficial results in the receiving lake in a catchment as large as Taihu,Chaohu and Dianchi lakes,is very long. Furthermore,the benefits are unlikely to extend to the entire lake for a very long period of time,if ever,for middle to large-sized lakes.It is unrealistic to consider reduction of nutrient loadings to historical,natural levels to achieve natural remediation to a healthy aquatic state.Also,the nutrient loading contained in the lake sediments is immense and not amenable to technical solutions such as dredging,or chemical treatment to permanently lock the nutrients in the sediments.Therefore,this paper proposes a bio-engineering approach to eutrophication management which uses a variety of in-situ techniques which enhance the self-purification capacity of the lake.The purification capacity in a water body can be cost-effectively enhanced to the level at which the nutrient concentrations are lower than the threshold concentration that produces algae blooms.Bio-engineering techniques use combinations of solar energy,wind energy and related waves and currents,together with selected aquatic plants and other aquatic species to improve the bio-productivity in the lake.The biological products,in turn,have economic value and are removed from the lake for beneficial purposes.The technologies for immobilized nitrogen cycle bacteria for reducing TN,the macro-bionics principles for mosaic bio-communities,the technology for remediation of the healthy aquatic ecosystems in local areas,the desiccation technology for aqua-plants by solar and other natural energy,are referred to collectively as Physical-Ecological Engineering(PEEN).This approach can be utilized for large and middle sized lakes,such as Taihu Lake,Chaohu Lake,Dianchi Lake,etc.in China.Small parts of the total lake water surface(7 % for Dianchi Lake;4 % for Taihu Lake),are required for culturing water hyacinth through an optimized design and scientifically controlled management scheme.Subsequently the biomass is removed and processed into an economic beneficial resource.Under these conditions the purification capacity of the lake would increase about 4.6 times for Dianchi Lake and 2.1 times for Taihu Lake.The targets for controlling eutrophication and restoration of a healthy aquatic ecosystem are for areas that are 3～4 times that of the water hyacinth cultured areas in these lakes and therefore allow for algal management in areas of water intakes,recreational areas,etc..The benefits of these measures are achieved over a short period of time,and are targeted at designated areas that require immediate protection.The cost is estimated to be much less than the equivalent costs of land-based control,and can be partly recovered from the financial returns from selling the products of water hyacinth and mollusks.Additionally,these measures create employment for the long-term operation of these measures.A framework is presented for the various steps required for the control of eutrophication in Dianchi Lake and Taihu Lake." @default.
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W2374882327 date "2005-01-01" @default.
W2374882327 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
W2374882327 title "Controlling eutrophication by enhancing purification capacity in lakes" @default.
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