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• W2381546614 abstract "On the basis of the flea lists of various Provinces and Autonomous Regions, theflea papers published in the periodicals and the flea specimens we examined in the34 institutes visited few years ago, we are now in a position to estimate that thereare about 9 families, 70 genera and a total of 404 forms (including a few new generaand a number of new forms to be published) of fleas in China, the number of formsbeing more than 3 times than that known before 1949. The zoogeographical divisions of Chinese fleas correspond essentially with thoseof their host amimals-mammals and birds, listed in the zoogeographical divisionalsystem proposed and recently revised by chinese zoologists and zoogeographers. Itincludes 2 regions, 3 subregions, 7 districts and 19 subdistricts. Among the 404 forms of fleas, 283 are Palaearctic, whereas 96 are oriental, andthe remainder consists of cosmopolitan, intercontinental or inter- and intra-regionalforms. The palaearctic fleas are much more predominant than the oriental ones,though mammals and birds in North are far less in number than those in South. Besides the endemic elements, the composition of the palaearctic flea fauna ofChina is composed of Northern, Manchurian and Holarctic elements in the North andCentro-Asian and Highland elements in the west. To a much less extent, there is anumber of Old-World Tropical and Subtropical, Southeast-Asian Tropical and Subtro-pical, Hengtuan-Himalayan and South-China as well as endemic elements in our crientalflea fauna. On the otherhand, the flea fauna of China shows a high degree of endemicity,since 166 forms (about 40%) are so far confined only to China. Endemism reachesits peak in the Qinghai-South-Tibetan sub-district (66 forms) of the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau district and comes next in the South-Western Mountainous sub-district (44forms) of the South-Western district. The Hengtuan Mountains in these districtsare supposed to be a refuge for animals in the glacial periods during the Tertiary.The remaining forms are distributed in the Western-Desert sub-district (Mongolian-Xinjiang district), Western-Plateau sub-district (Central-China district) and Loess- Plateau sub-district (North-China district).The authors have reasons to believe thatthe flea genera Vermipsylla, Geusibia, Neopsylla, Genoneopsylla, Paraneopsylla andAmphalius, each being represented by a handful or tens of forms in China, wereprobably originated in the extensive area of the West China-Xizang, Yunnan,Qinghai and Xinjiang. Comments are made on the Great-Divide between the palaearctic and oriental re-gions in China. It should be pointed out that the western section of this demarca-tion line and its vicinity consists of towering mountains as well as deep valleys, andthus one finds palaearctic fauna of fleas on higher elevations and oriental founa onlower altitudes. Owing to the complexity of landscapes and meterological conditions,this section is in fact an extensive belt favourable for isolation and speciation. Onthe contrary, the eastern section of the Great-Divide is in the main a mixed belt ofplains and hills and lacks natural barriers to limit the north-south or south-northspread of mammals and birds, thus forming a transitional area for certain fleas be-tween north and south. There is a close relationship between the geographical distribution of the fleasand that of their hosts, since quite a number of fleas shows different degrees (i.e.order, family, genera or even species) of host specificity. The evolution of fleas ap-pears to lag behind that of hosts, for subspecies of Chinese mammals in the main faroutnumber those of fleas. We discussed the origin and the horizonial branching of fleas and used someexamples of certain Chinese species, species-group and genera to demonstrate thespeciation of fleas through geographical or ecological isolation and proposed the evolu-tion of the three genera of the family Vermipsyllidae to demonstrate vertical progres-sion. We appreciate Chen's dialectic method of approach of the problem as well as theconclusions he derived from the study." @default.
• W2381546614 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2381546614 creator A5040326429 @default.
• W2381546614 date "1979-01-01" @default.
• W2381546614 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W2381546614 title "A PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION ON THE FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION AND PHYLOGENY OF THE FLEAS OF CHINA" @default.
• W2381546614 hasPublicationYear "1979" @default.
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