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- W23842908 abstract "This thesis explores inequalities in educational attainment by familybackground, focusing on three specific aspects of this important issue.University participation is one outcome which displays large gaps byfamily background. I examine the effect of debt aversion on universityparticipation and find firstly, that young people from all family backgroundswho are debt averse are less likely to attend university when they finishschool, and secondly, that the size of this effect does not differ substantiallyby family background. Thus whilst debt aversion poses a barrier to entry intouniversity, it doesn’t explain the gap in participation rates by familybackground. In fact, these gaps open up much earlier and are alreadyapparent when the children are still very young.The second empirical chapter uses data at ages 5 and 7 to explorethis further, and shows that family income itself seems to have a directimpact on children’s cognitive test scores at these ages, with other importantinfluential factors including the stability of the child’s environment, thepresence of the natural father, and parental behaviours such as taking thechild to the library regularly. As well as highlighting the importance of theseand other factors, this chapter makes a methodological contribution byintroducing an augmented random effects model which helps address issuesof endogeneity and a lack of within-variation in key variables that have facedsimilar studies in the past.Finally, children’s test scores demonstrate substantial stochasticvariation, with the implication that the development trajectories of groupsdivided according to ability and family background may demonstrateregression to the mean effects. Dealing with this statistical phenomenonusing various methods in order to isolate the substantive effects of familybackground confirms that bright children from poorer families do drop behindtheir peers, providing justification for a continued policy focus on this group.The existence of inequalities in educational outcomes by familybackground also has implications for social mobility, which further highlightsthe importance of investing in the cognitive development of young childrenfrom disadvantaged backgrounds." @default.
- W23842908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W23842908 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W23842908 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W23842908 title "Family income and children's outcomes : evidence for the UK" @default.
- W23842908 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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