FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W23849924> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W23849924 abstract "Introduction Britain faces similar sport safety and security issues to the United States such as terrorism (Steinbach, 2006) and crowd management problems (Pearson, 2006). An analysis of the (soccer) security system will highlight strategies, legislation, and risk management practices effectively utilized to curb illegal behavior at events. Lessons learned from the British system may help U.S. sport leagues deter terrorism and unruly fan behavior. Sports organizations should plan to deter potential incidents because of legal obligations, business continuity, and loss of reputation (National Counter Terrorism Security Office, 2006). Hooligan activities have posed a major challenge for the British government in the past 25 to 30 years. Hooliganism involves disorderly fans and criminal activity that occurs before and after games, in or around stadiums, resulting in casualties or fatalities (Pearson, 2006). There are two different types of hooliganism: spontaneous and organized. Spontaneous hooliganism is a low level disorder in or around stadiums and is not as violent as organized hooliganism. Organized hooliganism is the more serious form of where violence is the norm and people get injured or killed (Pearson, 2006). These acts are sometimes pre-arranged by gangs who meet to fight other gangs before a match. Hooliganism has been known as the English Disease because of its origination in Britain, but it is prevalent elsewhere in Europe (Pearson, 2006). The 1980's was known as the Decade of Disaster in England when two separate stadium crushing incidents resulted in over 200 injuries and 100 deaths (Heysel Disaster, 2000; football fans crushed at Hillsborough, 1989). The Heysel disaster occurred on May 29, 1985, in Brussels Belgium during a European Cup final between Liverpool and Juventus that drew over 60,000 fans. A stampede ensued before the game and police forces failed to stop the rush of fans and maintain order resulting in 39 people dead and many more injured. This tragic event led to the five year ban of any club to exist in European competitions. Inadequate seating arrangement at the Heysel stadium was the main cause for this disaster (Heysel Disaster, 2000). The Hillsborough disaster occurred on April 15, 1989 and is known as the worst sporting disaster in British history (Football fans crushed at Hillsborough, 1989). During a match between Nottingham Forest and Liverpool over 2,000 people tried to cram into a section that already had 1,500 spectators. As thousands of people rushed into the stadium, the spectators in front were pinned against the fence that guarded the fans from the field and players. More than 200 people were injured and 93 died (1989). Hooliganism declined in the 1990's due to the passing of the Taylor Report (1990), which forced all stadiums in England and Scotland to implement all-seated stadiums. Former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher also threatened to ban the sport of because of hooligan acts (Pearson, 2006). Besides the threat of hooliganism, British stadium managers face the risk of terrorist attacks. After the Madrid train bombings in 2004, terrorism expert Police Chief Constable Barbara Wilding warned of an attack on the high profile Millennium Stadium in Britain because of its international exposure (BBC, 2004). This was the first warning issued of an attack that could occur at a high profile sport stadium in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, a thwarted terrorist attack during a soccer match between Liverpool and Manchester United in April of 2004 was reported. According to intelligence gathered by British authorities, suspected Islamic terrorists purchased tickets in many different areas of the stadium (Steinbach, 2006). Officials were able to prevent the attack by making 10 arrests the morning the match was originally scheduled to be played. The match between the two teams was played nearly a week later in front of 67,000 fans and an international audience (Steinbach, 2006). …" @default.
• W23849924 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W23849924 creator A5070256175 @default.
• W23849924 date "2010-03-22" @default.
• W23849924 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W23849924 title "An examination of British sport security strategies, legislation, and risk management practices" @default.
• W23849924 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
• W23849924 type Work @default.
• W23849924 sameAs 23849924 @default.
• W23849924 citedByCount "2" @default.
• W23849924 countsByYear W238499242014 @default.
• W23849924 countsByYear W238499242015 @default.
• W23849924 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W23849924 hasAuthorship W23849924A5070256175 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C203133693 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C2777351106 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C2778137410 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C2778444522 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C39549134 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
• W23849924 hasConcept C73484699 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C138885662 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C144024400 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C17744445 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C199539241 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C203133693 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C2777351106 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C2778137410 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C2778444522 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C39549134 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C41895202 @default.
• W23849924 hasConceptScore W23849924C73484699 @default.
• W23849924 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W23849924 hasLocation W238499241 @default.
• W23849924 hasOpenAccess W23849924 @default.
• W23849924 hasPrimaryLocation W238499241 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W1121972718 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W1843041840 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W1965764596 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W1972311941 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2055697055 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2067917116 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2098285775 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2293165714 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2341613965 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2491515123 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2497349975 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2503922650 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2563894006 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2590227256 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W2594559298 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W267750033 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W3144794131 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W3157622819 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W619514622 @default.
• W23849924 hasRelatedWork W771834485 @default.
• W23849924 hasVolume "13" @default.
• W23849924 isParatext "false" @default.
• W23849924 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W23849924 magId "23849924" @default.
• W23849924 workType "article" @default.