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- W238907804 abstract "We investigated differences in mtDNA sequences and sex ratios in western North Pacific minke whales by combining information from samples collected in Korean market surveys (Korean ‘bycatch’, n=237) with three datasets made available courtesy of the Institute for Cetacean Research (ICR) through the IWC Data Availability Group on 8 January 2010 (version 1.0): Japanese ‘bycatch’ (n=832), ‘coastal whaling’ (n=481) and ‘offshore whaling’ (n=1238). An initial review of the Japanese datasets showed a large number of haplotypes (70 of 157) found in only a single individual (singletons), suggesting some error in sequencing of these samples. These concerns were communicated to ICR, which undertook re-sequencing and revision of the haplotype classification of some of these samples. In an effort to meet the agreed time frame of the Preliminary Implementation Assessment, we chose, in the interim, to focus on the analysis of 4 haplogroups, previously considered to be informative (although not diagnostic) of the ‘J’ and ‘O’ stocks. Although collapsing the haplotypes into haplogroups resulted in a substantial loss of resolution in mtDNA differentiation, it avoided the problems of categorical analyses posed by the singleton errors. The ‘O-’ and ‘J-types’ defined by the 4 mtDNA haplogroups showed a 93% concordance with samples assigned to the ‘O-’ and ‘Jclusters’ in the Structure analysis of microsatellite loci (Kanda et al. 2009). Using the 4 haplogroups and sex, we considered pairwise differences in various strata, including subareas, source (bycatch, coastal whaling, offshore whaling), latitude (1 degree increments) and season (autumn/winter and spring/summer). We found significant differences for either haplogroup frequencies, sex ratios or both for almost all comparisons within these strata. A notable exception was the Korean bycatch (market individuals) vs. subarea 6 bycatch (Japanese coast of Sea of Japan), which did not show significant differences in haplogroup frequencies, but did show a difference in sex ratios and in the haplogroups-by-sex effect. We then focused on subareas 2 and 7W to investigate the potential for one or more coastal stocks along eastern Japan. Haplogroup frequencies of bycatch showed a pronounced change at 33-34 N latitude, suggesting this might be a more natural division than the current subarea boundary at 35 N latitude. Within subarea 7W, comparisons showed differences in haplogroup frequencies and/or sex ratios for most strata, including ‘bycatch (BC)’, ‘coastal Sanriko’, ‘coastal Kushiro’ and ‘offshore’ hunting. We further noted that ‘coastal’ and ‘offshore’ hunting showed considerable overlap in the reported ‘distance from coastline’. By plotting the location of ‘offshore’ whaling samples we found a number of inconsistencies in the measurement of ‘distance from coastline’, confounding a combined analysis of this important strata. These concerns were communicated to ICR, which undertook a review of the ‘distance from coastline’ calculations. Plotting the location of haplogroups taken in ‘coastal Sanriko’ and ‘coastal Kushiro’ showed no clear demarcation of haplogroups by latitude or distance from coastline. It is possible that the haplogroup frequencies and sex ratios of coastal whales along eastern Japan could be explained by a complex seasonal mixing of 2 stocks, e.g., a core J and a core O. However, we consider it more plausible that whales in subarea 7W (or from about 33 to 42) represent a third stock, e.g., Ow, characterized by frequencies of haplotypes that are intermediate, but significantly different from either JE or OE. A revised dataset (version 2.0) with corrections for both haplotype sequencing and ‘distance from coastline’ was received from ICR on 14 April 2010. Introduction The Government of Japan has requested interim advice from the Scientific Committee of the International Whaling Commission on an ad hoc quota for hunting of minke whales with its small-type whaling vessels (Cooke et al. 2009). Such advice is critically dependent on an understanding of the complex population structure and migration of minke whales in the western North Pacific, particularly the so-called ‘J stock’ found in coastal waters of Japan and Korea. Here we propose to compare mtDNA sequences and haplotype frequencies of minke whales from the western North Pacific using samples from 237 ‘market individuals’ sampled in Korean ‘whalemeat’ markets from 1999-2005, as reported previously (Baker et al. 2007; Baker et al. 2000; Baker et al. 2006), to 2,544 whales taken by Japan as ‘bycatch’ in both the North Pacific and Sea of Japan from 2001-2007 or in scientific whaling in the North Pacific from 1994-2007 (Goto et al. 2009a; Goto et al. 2009b). The Korean ‘market individuals’, including samples transferred to SWFSC (Brownell et al. 2000), are assumed to originate from coastal bycatch in Korean waters (representing subareas 5 and 6) and are thus the best available representation of whales from the Yellow Sea," @default.
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- W238907804 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W238907804 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W238907804 title "Stock structure of western North Pacific minke whales based on mtDNA haplogroups from ‘bycatch’ and scientific whaling" @default.
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