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• W2390649833 abstract "David Papineau, Jerry Fodor and many others wonder how the conjunction of the following three positions can be true: 1) Special science laws: There are lawlike generalizations in the special sciences. These sciences trade in kinds that are such that statements about salient, reliable correlations that are projectible and that support counterfactuals apply to the tokens coming under these kinds. 2) Non-reductionism: The laws of some of the special sciences cannot be reduced to physical laws. 3) Physicalism: Everything there is in the world supervenes on the physical, that is, is fixed by the distribution of the physical properties in the world. The obvious problem is that (3) implies that the similarities among tokens in the world, accounting for the kinds in which the special sciences trade, and the correlations among such tokens, accounting for the laws of the special sciences, are fixed by the distribution of the physical properties. By contrast, (2) implies that some of the laws seizing such correlations are not reducible to physical laws. By using the term “token”, I mean a particular instantiating a property. Papineau’s proposal to reconcile these three positions is to account for (2) in terms of selection (pp. 6-9): There can be laws in the special sciences that are not reducible to physical laws if and only if these laws focus on effects that are selected for in a given context independently of the mechanisms by which they are brought about. Thus, the fact of there being such laws and their non-reducibility to physics do not contradict physicalism (3). The drawback is that the kinds that figure in such laws cannot enter into a rich network of laws 199 and that nothing can be causally efficacious insofar as it is a member of such a kind. In these comments, I shall try to push Papineau further in the direction of a reductive physicalism, thus solving the problem by simply abandoning (2). The obvious gain of such a move is that the scientific quality of the special sciences is vindicated by being systematically linked to physics and the spectre of epiphenomenalism thus banned.1 The prima facie argument for reductionism goes like this: For every single case of a correlation among tokens that comes under a law of a special science, there is a physical explanation available why that correlation obtains. If tokens coming under different physical kinds all give rise to correlations covered by the same law of a special science, then there is in principle a physical explanation available why all these tokens are similar in that respect, on pain of violating global supervenience. So when it comes to laws of the special sciences that can be accounted for in terms of selection for specific effects, why should such laws be in principle irreducible to physics? Biology is a paradigmatic case of a special science focusing on selection. Take classical genetics as a theory describing lawlike correlations between genes and phenotypes, whereby" @default.
• W2390649833 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2390649833 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W2390649833 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W2390649833 title "Comment on David Papineau, Can any sciences be special?" @default.
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