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- W2391400908 abstract "In the late Ming Dynasty,Xu Guangqi and other Catholic literati were actively involved with military affairs because of the invasion of Manchu and the threat of roving bandits.They imported cannons and gunners from Macao,and also worked hard to introduce European fortification,mainly the trace Italienne.This paper has six parts.The first 2 parts illustrate how Xu and his student Sun Yuanhua,made their sustained efforts in building bastions.Then,based on the translation Western Fortress by Han Yun and Han Lin brothers(both Xu's students),the Italian source and the transition of certain technology are explored.Part 4 focuses on Ma Weicheng,who allegedly directed the building of 32 bastions between 1638 and 1643.Part 5 surveys the spread of the knowledge of European fortification in Qing dynasty.The final part discusses the reasons why the art of trace Italienne ended prematurely in early modern China." @default.
- W2391400908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2391400908 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W2391400908 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2391400908 title "The Trace Italienne in China:Introduction of European Fortification in the Late Ming" @default.
- W2391400908 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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