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- W2391612617 abstract "By using a one-dimensional radiative-convective climate model(RCM),the effects of the changes in cloud amount,cloud optical thickness and cloud height on the short-wave and long-wave radiation fluxes at surface and top of the atmosphere(TOA) and radiative forcing of clouds have been investigated in detail.Based on the numerical results,the experiential formulas for the relationship among these physical quantities are proposed.For the radiative transfer calculations the absorptions due to O3,H2O,O2 and NO2,are included in the model for the solar regime while the absorbers in the thermal regime are mainly H2O,CO2,O3, CH4 and N2O.Rayleigh scattering and the absorption and scattering by clouds have also been incorporated into the model.Clouds are classified as water cloud and ice cloud according to the temperature of model atmospheric layer where cloud is located.When the ambient air temperature is below 253 K,the cloud is assumed to be an ice cloud otherwise a water cloud.Optical parameters such as single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor of clouds are pre-calculated based on the cloud type.Lacis and Hansen's(1974) scheme is used for multiple scattering calculations while a k distribution method is adopted in the model to calculate the thermal infrared radiation where the clouds are assumed to be a black body.In order to speed up the convergence of the model,a combination of time marching and Newton-Raphson iteration is used to reach the equilibrium temperature profile.The results show that clouds have extremely important radiation-climate effect. Radiative forcing caused by only few percentage changes in the amount,optical thickness and height of clouds will be comparable with that caused by a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere,which is 3.75 W/m2 in the present.For instance,given a 3 percent disturbance in the above three parameters of clouds,that is,taking a cloud amount change of 0.015,optical thickness of 0.27,and cloud height of 0.15 km,respectively,the solar short-wave radiative forcing and infrared long-wave radiative forcing could reach up to-3.10 W/m2 and-1.77 W/m2,respectively.Their sum is-4.78 W/m2, which can completely counteract the radiative forcing due to a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration.However,when the disturbances are reversed in direction,the resultant radiative forcing caused by these three factors would substantially amplify the greenhouse effect caused by increasing carbon dioxide.Therefore,it implicates that the climate effects caused by the change in cloud should be seriously considered in the climate change studies for both explaining the past climate change and predicting the future climate change." @default.
- W2391612617 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2391612617 date "2007-01-01" @default.
- W2391612617 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2391612617 title "A Study of the Radiative Forcing of Clouds by Using a One-Dimensional Radiative-Convective Model" @default.
- W2391612617 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
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