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• W2396346875 abstract "In Australia the work of sheep and cattle dogs is critical to the pastoral industries. Despite the rec ognized importance of these dogs, there is very little quantitative information on their energy expendi ture or on the amount of time the dogs spend work ing. In many areas work is seasonal; four or five times a year dogs will be required for very intensive periods of work lasting from a few days to a few weeks. At times of the year, dogs may be required to work only once a week or even less in order to muster stock and move them from one paddock to another. The field metabolic rate (FdMR, i.e. energy expen diture in a free-living animal) of a 17.45-kg male, Kelpie sheepdog (Toby) was measured using the doubly-labeled water (DLW) technique. A solution of 3 ml 18O-water (96.1% enrichment; Novachera Pty. Ltd., South Yarra, Victoria, Australia) and 1.5 ml deuterated water (99.9% enriched, Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering Inc., Menai, NSW, Australia) was made isotonic by adding 0.5 ml of a 1.54 mol/1 sodium chloride solution. Blood samples were taken prior to intravenous injection of the so lution and at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 24 h after administration and then every 48 h for the next 8 d. The samples were analyzed with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer by CSIRO Division of Water Resources (Adelaide, South Australia) and energy expenditure was calculated (Nagy 1983) as 47.72 MJ over the 8-d period, an av erage of 5965 kj/d. Body weight did not change over the period and metabolizable energy intake was cal culated as 5259 kj/d from a daily intake of 700 g canned food (Pal, 347 kj/100 g; Uncle Ben's of Aus tralia, Wodonga, Victoria, Australia) and 200 g dry food (Meaty Bites, 1415 kj/100 g; Uncle Ben's of Australia) provided as one evening meal. Measurement of FdMR on its own is of limited value since it gives no indication of the level of work carried out, and therefore it is not possible to make effective comparisons between dogs. In this experi ment the dog worked for only short periods (two af ternoons) during the 8 d and apart from a 40-min run on the last day, it spent most of the time on short walks with its owner or resting in its kennel. This is not unusual in working dogs in Australia where the amount of work can fluctuate widely from week to week depending on the needs of the farmer. For measurements of FdMR using DLW to be cor rectly interpreted and used to determine energy re quirements of working dogs, it is necessary to separate the energy expenditure of a dog for work from its daily energy expenditure when not working. Total energy expenditure can be separated, as shown in Table 1, into components for maintenance, standing and using theoretically derived equa tions such as those of Rivers and Burger (1989). How ever, it is impossible to further partition energy ex penditure as a result of other activities into that" @default.
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• W2396346875 date "1994-12-01" @default.
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• W2396346875 title "The Practicalities of Measurement and Interpretation of Field Metabolic Rate in Dogs ," @default.
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• W2396346875 doi "https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/124.suppl_12.2614s" @default.
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