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- W2396766931 abstract "In recent years there has been growing awareness between both United States government officials and citizens of the social impacts of proposed and actual planned governmental interventions. Frequent intervention in the physical structure of local communities has generated entire sets of unforeseen consequences, often outweighing primary or intentional goals and seriously detracting from overall benefits. For instance, a park was designed in a quiet neighbourhood in Buffalo to provide neighbourhood youths with a safe, convenient place to play. Rather than fulfilling its intended objectives, the creation of the park generated gang wars over territorial control of the playgrounds.1 On other occasions programmes have been designed to improve deteriorating neighbourhoods and the living conditions of inhabitants; yet their consequences have included displacement of an indigenous population and increased overcrowding in surrounding areas.2 Methods are urgently needed for assessing both the intended and unintended social ramifications of interventions before their implementation. In the United States, government concern expressed over the social ramifications of public interventions has been concentrated at the federal level. Evidence of this concern can be found in several recent developments. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 requires that: 'all agencies of the federal government include in every recommendation or report on proposals for legislation and other federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human environment, a detailed statement by the responsible official' (emphasis added).3 This act is the major mandate for the preparation of both environmental and social impact assessment in the United States. NEPA requires that environmental impact statements (EISs) be prepared and reviewed by the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), a three member council affiliated with the executive office of the President. The receipt, filing and distribution of EISs, however, is the responsibility of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is important to note, however, that NEPA does not give the CEO or EPA the authority to stop a project. All the law requires is that EISs are filed and reviewed by CEQ. The Council can make recommendations to the sponsoring agency, but these are not binding. Guidelines established by the CEQ in 1973 require that draft EISs are" @default.
- W2396766931 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2396766931 creator A5003331952 @default.
- W2396766931 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2396766931 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2396766931 title "SOCIAL IMPACT ANALYSIS AND THE PLANNING PROCESS IN THE UNITED STATES" @default.
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