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• W2397095077 abstract "An ERP study of Japanese causative cleft constructions in context Masataka Yano (masayano@kyudai.jp) 1, 2 Yuki Tateyama (tateyama.yuki@gmail.com) 1, 2 Yoan Kim (subcyo@naver.com) 1 Tsutomu Sakamoto (sakamoto@lit.kyushu-u.ac.jp) 1 Kyushu University, 2 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Department of Linguistics, Kyushu University, 6-19-1, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan b. Object cleft constructions (OC) = O(bject)-gap: It was the barber that the lawyer saw in the parking lot. (Gordon et al. 2001, 1418) Abstract This study examined the processing of two types of Japanese causative cleft constructions (subject-gap vs. object-gap) by conducting an event-related brain potential (ERP) experiment to clarify the processing mechanism of long-distance dependencies. The results demonstrated that the subject-gap constructions elicited larger P600 effects compared with object-gap constructions. Based on these findings, we argue that the linear distance between the extracted argument (filler) and its original gap position is a crucial factor in determining the processing costs in Japanese causative cleft constructions. Keywords: sentence comprehension; dependency formation; cleft constructions; event-related brain potentials (ERPs) Introduction Numerous studies on sentence comprehension have engaged in clarifying the mechanism for associating long-distance words in real-time sentence processing. Among various dependencies, relative clauses and cleft constructions have attracted a considerable amount of attention because the typological differences among various languages allow researchers to explore the language-universal and language- specific aspects of sentence comprehension (Kahraman, Sato, Ono, & Sakai, 2011a, 2011b, Miyamoto & Nakamura 2003, Ueno & Garnsey 2008). For example, consider the English relative clauses and cleft constructions shown in (1- The results of earlier studies have indicated that subject-gap constructions are easier to process compared with object-gap constructions in English (i.e., S-gap preference, Ferreira 2003, Gordon, Hendrick, & Johnson 2001). Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this preference for subject-gap constructions in English, namely, the “Structural Distance Hypothesis” (SDH) (O’Grady 1997) and the “Linear Distance Hypothesis” (LDH) (Gibson 1998, 2000). Both hypotheses share two assumptions. The first is that the major source of processing difficulties in relative clauses and cleft constructions is the integration of the displaced element (i.e., a filler) into its original position (i.e., a gap). The second assumption is that the distance between a filler and its gap determines the cost of the integration process. However, as their names suggest, the hypotheses use different characteristics of distance metrics. SDH explains that the integration of the filler (i.e., the reporter in (3) below) and its gap becomes more difficult as the structural distance between them increases. As illustrated in (3), the S-gap is structurally closer to the filler than the O-gap is. 2 Thus, SDH correctly predicts the S-gap preference in English. (1) a. Subject relative clauses (SR) = S(ubject)-gap: The reporter that attacked the senator admitted the error. b. Object relative clauses (OR) = O(bject)-gap: The reporter that the senator attacked admitted the error. (King & Just 1991, 581) (3) a. SR: the reporter that (2) a. Subject cleft constructions (SC) = S(ubject)-gap: It was the barber that saw the lawyer in the parking lot. A cleft construction is a construction derived from a canonical sentence (e.g., the barber saw the lawyer in the parking lot) by moving a constituent (i.e., filler) from its original position (i.e., gap) to the focus position. attacked the senator The structural distance is defined in terms of nodes intervening the filler (i.e., the reporter) and its original position (i.e., ), as indicated by the black dots." @default.
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• W2397095077 date "2014-01-01" @default.
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• W2397095077 title "An ERP study of Japanese cleft constructions in context" @default.
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