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• W240057039 abstract "history of Episcopal Church of Sudan belongs to chapter three of history of church that lives upstream from falls in River Nile. first church above falls was church in ancient Rush, a daughter of Coptic Church of Alexandria, Egypt, and Byzantine Empire. This church grew from Christian monks seeking refuge south of Egypt, and from bishop-led missions sent by Byzantine emperor. This church prayed in Greek and in languages of Nubian kingdoms. Baptism in later Nubian period often included making sign of cross on a person's forehead with a red-hot iron. This Nubian Church flourished for centuries as a state church. It declined as migration and new caravan routes shrank economy. In 1500 only architectural ruins and linguistic traces remained when Muslim Arab forces from Egypt consolidated control. Yet today's Sudanese Christians know very firmly that so-called Ethiopian eunuch whom Apostle Philip met and baptized while travelling on Gaza road was not Ethiopian. He was a court official of a Nubian kingdom located near today's Rhartoum. That was chapter one.1 second church above falls arose from work of Roman Catholic missionaries, particularly from Austrian Empire. In 1848, Sudan with Egypt was part of Ottoman Empire. An East African and Red Sea trade in human beings was flourishing. genius of Roman Catholic missions was to empower runaway and freed slaves on periphery of Africa to become evangelists back to heart of Africa. Their slogan was, The regeneration of Africa by Africans. Roman Catholics labored to create schools and agricultural stations in Nuba Mountains and valley of White Nile. All these institutions went down to dust when a messianic Muslim reformer arose in 1881 on an island in Nile to drive Turks and all ancillary foreigners out of Sudan. This mystic and brilliant revolutionary, Mahdi, appealed to highest authority: There is no god but God And Muhammad is Prophet of God And Muhammad al Mahdi is successor of God's Prophet. As you know if you have seen Laurence Olivier playing Mahdi and Charlton Heston playing heroic English resister in movie Khartoum, Mahdi prevailed. second church in Sudan came to an end. That was chapter two. third church in Sudan is one we have come to know in our day as a companion and a friend who lives by power of God who raised Jesus from dead. There were years in 1980s and 1990s when some of us feared that civil war, combined with schism, might once again kill off this church. But third chapter, after violent death and slow death have done their worst time and again,, seems to be a story of a church rising again and again to new life. Chapter three began in 1898, when European imperialism was at its zenith. A British and Egyptian combined military force defeated Mahdi's successor government. An Anglo-Egyptian Condominium government was installed. This precarious alien authority resisted restoring real estate in Khartoum to returning Roman Catholic missions. It resisted Protestants interested in reaching out to Muslims in northern Sudan. Condominium sought to keep a fragile peace by assigning missionary societies to territorial spheres. Roman Catholics - under protest - consented to sail their iron steamboat up a tributary of White Nile to territory belonging to Shilluk people. Presbyterians travelled on rented Nile sailboats and slowly attracted Nuer people to their medical stations and schools. Church Missionary Society (CMS) appointee Archibald Shaw stuck it out for three decades at Malek in Anglicans' assigned territory among Dinkas on east bank of White Nile. From one of his hard-won students Shaw earned epithet, the white man with soul of a Dinka. Shaw was also alert and adaptive enough to realize that church could not be contained by any single ethnic group. …" @default.
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• W240057039 date "2011-12-01" @default.
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• W240057039 title "The Episcopal Church of Sudan in War and Peace" @default.
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