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- W2401641630 abstract "Background: The health determinant model indicates that certain sociocultural, sociodemographic,environmental, and lifestyle factors influence health status and wellbeing ofany population group in any given nation (Dahlgren & Whitehead, 1991). Previous studieshave suggested the need for regional and interregional comparison of health inequalities dueto the interaction of these factors. However, few studies have undertaken such investigation,especially among university students in developing countries. The aim of this study was toinvestigate the health status and lifestyle behaviours by sex and ethnicity among universitystudents in Nigeria.Method: The study was cross sectional. Full time university students were recruited from sixuniversities within three ethnic groups in Nigeria for the study. Data collection was bothsubjective and objective. The subjective data was based on an anonymous questionnaire,while the objective data involved direct measurements of height in (m) weight in (kg), andblood pressure (mmHg). Ultimately, 1549 responses were valid, while 563 responses wererejected for various reasons including missing data especially sex and ethnicity. The variablesexamined were, socio-demographic, general health, mental health, cognitive resources andlifestyle behaviours. Descriptive tests, chi-square tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA)tests were conducted.Results: Regarding regional characteristics in socioeconomic status, the result indicated sexand ethnicity effects, and irrespective of ethnicity, female students had better monthly incomethan male students did. The result suggested that students from the Hausa ethnic groupreported better monthly income than students from the other ethnic groups. There is evidencethat income have a significant effect on health determinant factors. For example, incomeaffects the choice of residential location, ability to pay for health care services, register forgym for physical activity, afford healthy lifestyles, (e.g. eating fruits and vegetables), participate in social activities and maintain positive self- esteem (WHO, 2006; Varela-Matoet al., 2012). With regard to social support, the result indicated sex*ethnicity effects, wherefemale students from the Hausa and Igbo ethnic groups reported better social support thanmale students, in contrast to the Yoruba ethnic group, where male students reported bettersocial support than females. Students from the Hausa ethnic group saw their GPs more often,had regular medications and had depression more than other ethnic groups. In addition, theresult indicated higher prevalence of smoking and the use of psychotic drugs among studentsfrom the Hausa ethnic group than other groups. On the other hand, the Yoruba ethnic grouphad the lowest monthly income, saw their GPs few times and had less frequent medicationthan the other ethnic groups. In addition, students from the Yoruba ethnic group had lowconsumption of fruits and are more physically inactive compared to other ethnic groups.Regarding sex characteristics, the study suggested that irrespective of ethnicity femalestudents are less healthy when compared to male students. In addition, significant sex *ethnicinteraction effects (P < 0.001) were observed, in most variables examined in the study,indicating that the students health and lifestyles are both sex and ethnicity dependent. Thestudy suggested that female students from the Hausa ethnic group reported better income andsocial support, compared to students from the other ethnic groups; however, they alsoreported regular medication, overweight or obesity, mental health problems, and poorcognitive health than female students from Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups. In addition, theHausa male students’ preferred smaller female body size compared to male students from the other ethnic groups.On the other hand, Igbo female students had a better cognitive health and preferred smallfemale body size than female students from the other ethnic groups. The Yoruba femalestudents are less overweight or obese, but had the highest preference for big female body size and are the least depressed group in the sample. With regard to male students, the resultsuggested that Igbo male students had regular medication and depression more than othermale groups. They also preferred bigger female body size and had better cognitive healththan other male groups. On the other hand, Yoruba males reported overweight or obese, thanthe other male groups.Conclusion: The findings indicated that the health of female students in the sample waspoorer than the health of male students; with female students from the Hausa ethnic group,demonstrating the worst possible health outcome. The result also suggested that both highand low socioeconomic statuses are associated with health compromising behaviours amonguniversity students in Nigeria. The findings indicated that high cognitive health appraisalmight be related to students reporting better mental health especially depression in both maleand female students. This study is the first to report that there is an interaction between thedifferent layers of health, in the health determinant model proposed by Dahlgren andWhitehead (1991). Secondly, this study has made a major contribution to the understandingthat people who live among regions with conflict and violence may report poor health (bothphysical and mental) compared to those that live in a conflict free zones. Consequently, theresults of the present study suggest that conflict and violence be included among the healthdeterminant factors in the health determinant model proposed by Dahlgren and Whitehead (1991)." @default.
- W2401641630 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2401641630 creator A5084291619 @default.
- W2401641630 date "2014-12-01" @default.
- W2401641630 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2401641630 title "The Health Status and Lifestyle Behaviours of UniversityStudents in Nigeria by Sex and Ethnicity" @default.
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