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- W2404103438 abstract "The notion of an Application Programming Interface (API) proved a breakthrough in software modularization and reuse by allowing developers to separate applications’ public interfaces from their detailed internal structure. No comparable notion exists currently for ontologies, although there is considerable other work on issues related to modularization of ontologies. We present four use cases for “Ontology Programming Interfaces” and discuss the existing features of OWL that facilitate this approach and the additional features needed to consolidate it. Introduction: The Notion of an “Ontology Programming Interface” The notion of an Application Programming Interface (API) proved a breakthrough in software modularization and reuse. APIs allow developers to separate applications’ public interfaces from their detailed internal structure and operation. They also help to focus developers’ attention on providing clean sets of operations and methods to allow others to understand and re-use their code. Currently, no comparable notion exists for ontologies, even those designed to be used in ontology driven architectures. Existing studies of modularization have concentrated either on “conservative extensions” (Lutz et al., 2007), on structural criteria for modularization (Schlicht and Stuckenschmidt, 2006), on attempts to understand the import of different parts of the ontology (Pan et al., 2006), or on generic locking mechanisms (Seidenberg and Rector, 2005). In this paper, we take an somewhat different approach inspired by classic software engineering paradigms, in which modularity, interfaces between modules, and re-use are part of the basic ontology development process. Copyright © 2008, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. One reason for the shortage of studies on building modular ontologies is that most ontology development tools have made modularization difficult. In part, this is because the OWL specification on importing, naming, and versioning of ontologies is at best confusing and at worst incomplete. The work reported here has been made possible in large part because the new Protege4 OWL development environment and the new OWL API (Horridge et al., 2007) have adopted conventions to make it much easier to develop OWL ontologies as sets of modules. Experience made possible by these new tools has led to the rapid development of a the notions of “binding”, “joining”, “interface”, and “localizing” modules presented here. This experience has also shown that OWL’s structure as a set of global axioms rather than a set of encapsulated objects makes modularization extremely powerful, because it allows new axioms concerning existing entities to be added at any time to any module. However, in its raw form, the OWL paradigm runs counter to these users’ expectations. Most users assume a more object-oriented point of view in which each entity is encapsulated in a single set of expressions that belong to a single module. Protege-OWL, therefore, overlays the underlying OWL representation with an object-oriented view that discriminates between the various ways in which an entity can be referred to. In the remainder of this paper, we first sketch the different use-cases for modularization and the interfaces associated with each. We then touch briefly on the conventions used by Protege4-OWL to facilitate development and use of modular ontologies. Note that all examples are given using the Manchester OWL syntax (Horridge et al., 2006) 1 See . http://protege.stanford.edu/download" @default.
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- W2404103438 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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- W2404103438 title "Building Modular Ontologies and Specifying Ontology Joining, Binding, Localizing and Programming Interfaces in Ontologies Implemented in OWL." @default.
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