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• W240413257 abstract "5-year-old, Holstein-cross, cow was admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University, because of a prolonged gestation. The cow had been treated with antibiotics for chronic metritis for 2 mo, with no apparent result. On admission, the animal was in good bodily condition (scale 4/5), was bright and alert, and had a good appetite. The heart rate (60 beats/min), respiratory rate (30 breaths/min), temperature (39°C), and ruminal contractions (3 per 2 min) were within normal limits. Careful clinical examination of the gastrointestinal tract, including transrectal exploration, showed no abnormality. However, the cervix was enlarged and located well caudal to the nonretractable uterus lying cranial to the brim of the pelvis and containing a macerated fetus. The ovaries were not palpable. A mucopurulent discharge was observed coming from the vagina. The packed cell volume was 0.38 L/L (normal, 0.24-0.46 L/L), and the white blood cell count (WBC) 9.7 X 109/L (normal, 4 X 109/L to 12 X 109/L), with neutrophils 3.49 X 109/L (normal, 0.6 X 109/L to 4 X 109/L), lymphocytes 5.24 X 109/L (normal, 2.5 X 109/L to 7.5 X 109/L), monocytes 0.77 X 109/L (normal, 0 to 0.9 X 109/L), eosinophils 0.90 X 109/L (normal, 0 to 2.4 X 109/L), and basophils 0.90 X 109/L (normal, 0 to 0.2 X 1 09/L). Treatment with estradiol benzoate (Intervet, Intervet International, B.V. Boxmeer, Holland), 4 mg, IM, and 6 h later, oxytocin (Apoxytocine, Gendeon Richter, Budapest, Hungary), 501V, IM, q6h, for 4 doses, failed to expel the macerated fetus, even after 1 wk, so surgery was planned. Presurgical auscultation of the heart revealed an irregular rhythm with a rate of 90 beats/min, variable intensity of heart sounds, and a pulse deficit. An electrocardiogram (ECG) on a base-apex lead showed variable R-R intervals, absence of P waves, and the presence of base line undulation (F waves), which are indicative of atrial fibrillation (AF) (Figure IA). Apart from the AF, the cow had no apparent signs of a heart problem, and we elected to proceed with the cesarean section. The uterine contents, which consisted of putrified remnants of fetal bones covered with mucopurulent exudate, were removed from the uterus. Some fetal bones were embedded in the endometrium but did not pass through the uterine wall. The uterine mucosa was lavaged with 1% povidone-iodine in normal saline, and the incision was closed in 2 layers with No. 2 chromic gut, using continuous inverting patterns (Cushing and Lembert). The suture line was given a final rinsing with normal saline, and the uterus replaced into the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall was closed in 3 layers. Postoperative antibiotic therapy (penicillin, 6,000,000 IU, 1M, q 12h) was instituted for 5 d. The cow recovered uneventfully, but she was kept in hospital and an ECG was recorded daily for 15 d, until her cardiac arrhythmia spontaneously returned to normal sinus" @default.
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• W240413257 date "1996-10-01" @default.
• W240413257 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W240413257 title "Atrial fibrillation in a cow with fetal maceration." @default.
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