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• W2409614801 abstract "(1) Bynum's paper takes us through the important moments in the institu­ tional history of British Psychiatry from 1830 until about 1870. He also makes a suggestion: that we should explore certain connections not only with the psychological debate that was going on at the same time in Europe, but also with the 'influential metaphysics' by which this debate was inspired. If we take up this suggestion, then the first major problem we encounter is the influence of Phrenology. There is no need to dwell on the influence it has had: Bynum himself reminds us and the matter has been amply dis­ cussed in the last ten years by R. M. Young, R. Smith, Di Giustino, Cantor, Shapin and Cooter.1 These studies have shown that Phrenology was influenced in several different ways by the whole psychological debate that went on in Great Britain from 1820 to about 1850. This influence was most sharp in the field of psychiatric conceptions - for example the theory of the organic character of mental illness and of the 'moral therapy' that, it was claimed, could be used to treat it. In such a theory the brain is seen as the organ of the mind. Certain of the functions of the brain can be impaired and this can prevent the mind from functioning fully and can thus cause partial insanity. The mind itself, however, in so far as it is an immaterial entity, can still react to 'moral therapy' capable of releasing all its potentialities. In reality, as Bynum reminds us, this theory is influenced not only by Phrenology, but also - and despite the obvious contrast between the two concepts - by the psychology of the faculties, the traditional psychology, that is, of the Universities. Clearly then, the specific characteristics of British Psychiatry are better grasped. if we keep in mind the extent to which it shares the clear distinction which is the fundamental principle of psycho­ logical analysis of the 'normal' functions of the mind. Until the 1860's British Psychology, as is well known, presents a distinct Cartesian character. It starts by distinguishing clearly between the 'res extensa' and the 'res cogitans and then concentrates on the latter.2 Thus one gets a 'science of mind' that numbers some decisively philosophical elements and that is based on the guiding concept of the associationist tradition. And it is precisely on the basis of the fruitfulness of the associationistic approach that the claim to the British lead in having established psychology" @default.
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• W2409614801 date "1983-01-01" @default.
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• W2409614801 title "COMMENTS ON W. F. BYNUM, THEMES IN BRITISH PSYCHIATRY, J. C. PRICHARD (1785-1848) TO" @default.
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