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- W2410701374 abstract "L’enfant présente des critères d’évolution cicatricielle spécifiques. Les objectifs de cet article sont la présentation clinique des particularités de la cicatrisation de l’enfant associée à un état des lieux sur les connaissances des mécanismes fondamentaux expliquant les différences d’évolution selon les âges. L’embryon peut cicatriser sans cicatrice grâce à l’absence de phase inflammatoire (macrophage), l’absence de tissu de granulation, la forte concentration en acide hyaluronique (liquide amniotique, dans la cicatrice), l’agencement et la concentration des collagènes, et à la présence de la ténascine. L’épaisseur cutanée est un facteur péjoratif dans la réparation tissulaire chez l’enfant. En revanche, les faibles comorbidités et les mécanismes physiologiques liés à la croissance sont une aide indéniable à la bonne évolution des plaies de l’enfant. La cicatrisation est souvent très rapide mais peut être explosive. À partir de l’âge de deux ans, l’hypertrophie cicatricielle est majorée, en durée et en intensité. En période pubertaire, les cicatrices hypertrophiques sont plus fréquentes. Tout geste chirurgical non urgent doit être évité durant cette période. Les traitements complémentaires (hydratation, massages, compression, orthèse, silicone, thermalisme…) ont une place importante dans la prise en charge des cicatrices pédiatriques. Après cicatrisation, la croissance peut être responsable de complications spécifiques telles que les brides cicatricielles, l’alopécie, l’invagination cicatricielle. Le caractère évolutif implique la nécessité du suivi jusqu’à l’âge adulte. Les répercussions psychologiques propres à l’enfant en cas de cicatrices pathologiques, et/ou disgracieuses, doivent être prévenues et recherchées par le chirurgien. Children have specific characteristics of wound healing. The aim of this study was to describe the specific clinical characteristics of wounds healing in children and to present the current knowledge on the specific mechanisms with regard to infant age. The tissue insult or injury in fetus can heal without scar, mainly due to reduced granulation tissue associated to diminished or even no inflammatory phase, modified extracellular matrix such as the concentration of hyaluronic acid in amniotic liquid, expression and arrangement of collagen and tenascin. Thickness of children skin is a serious negative factor in case of trauma, whereas poor co-morbidities and efficient growth tissue mechanisms are beneficial to good evolution, even in cases of extensive damage and loss of tissue. The subsequent tissue mechanical forces, wound healing during childhood, spanning from the age of 2 until the end of puberty, is associated with more hypertrophic scars, both in duration and in intensity. Consequently, unnecessary surgery has to be avoided during this period when possible, and children with abnormal or pathologic wound healing should benefit from complementary treatments (hydration, massage, brace, silicone, hydrotherapy…), which represent efficient factors to minimize tissue scarring. After wound healing, the growth body rate can be responsible for specific complications, such as contractures, alopecia, and scar intussusceptions. Its evolutionary character implies the need of an attentive follow-up until adult age. Psychologic repercussions, as a consequence of pathologic scars, must be prevented and investigated by the surgeon." @default.
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- W2410701374 date "2016-10-01" @default.
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- W2410701374 title "Particularités de la cicatrisation de l’enfant" @default.
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