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• W2410724127 endingPage "967" @default.
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• W2410724127 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION. 918II. THE ROLE OF DEMAND IN FOSTERING THE PREVALENCE OF SEX TRAFFICKING. 921III. PROSECUTION OF SEX TRAFFICKING. 928IV. PROSECUTING CHILD SEX TRAFFICKING: THE TRAFFICKING VICTIMS PROTECTION ACT. 936V. THE BONESTROO AND JUNGERS APPEALS. 93 8A. MOTIONS FOR JUDGMENT OFACQUITTAL. 9391. The ju ngers district court decision. 9412. The Bonestroo District Court Decision. 941B. The Government's Appeal. 942VI. THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT DECISION IN JUNGERS 944.A. The Opinion. 944B. Other Arguments Supporting The Eighth Circuit Decision949VII. THE IMPACT OF THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT OPINION. 952A. The Decisions Will Increase Prosecution of Buyers of Commercial Sex Acts with Children at the Federal and State Levels 952B. Prosecution of Demand Will Deter Buyers. 955C. Prosecution of Child Pornography Will Deter Buyers. 958VIII. CONCLUSION. 961I. INTRODUCTIONOn February 14, 2011 and February 11, 2011, respectively, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of South Dakota filed separate charges against Ronald Bonestroo and Daron Lee Ju ngers for attempted commercial sex trafficking in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1591 and 1594(a), the operable criminal laws for prosecuting federal sex trafficking violations under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA).1 The complaints alleged the men hadknowingly, in and affecting interstate commerce, attempted to recruit, entice and obtain a person who had not attained the age of 18 years, and knew that the person would be caused to engage in a commer1. cial sex act; all in violation of Title 18 United States Code, Sections 1591 and 1594(a).2The facts of these cases are nearly identical to prior successfully charged cases in the Western District of Missouri, in which seven men pleaded guilty to attempting to buy sex with a minor through an Internet site-attempting because the child was actually a law enforcement officer.3 Operation Guardian Angel was the first law enforcement operation orchestrated to identify and arrest the buyers of sex with minors as a violation of the federal TVPA of 2000.4 The responses of six of the seven defendants, who submitted guilty pleas and received sentences of mandatory minimums of ten and fifteen years, validated anti-demand advocates' assertions that buyers of sex with minors commit the crime of sex trafficking and should be subjected to the same serious penalties of the federal TVPA that have been imposed on convicted human traffickers since the law's inception in 2000.5However, the South Dakota defendants, Bonestroo and Ju ngers, despite not contesting the facts presented in the indictment, did not plead guilty.6 Their cases proceeded to jury trials where they were convicted of attempted commercial sex trafficking a minor.7 Defense counsel in each case filed motions for acquittal based upon the inapplicability of the federal trafficking law to the actions of attempted buyers, and the district court granted the extraordinary motions.8 In its response, the government cited to several cases in which 18 U.S.C. § 1591 was used to prosecute a buyer, including United States v. Mikoloyck from the Western District of Missouri. 10 But in United States v. Ju ngers, the court stated, [t]he fact that the government has used § 1591 to charge customers, without being challenged for doing so, does not create convincing legal precedent.11 The government filed a consolidated appeal from the two post-verdict orders granting motions for judgment of acquittal in the separate prosecutions in the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals. 12 On January 7, 2013, the Eighth Circuit issued a decision reversing the district court and reinstating the convictions of Bonestroo and Ju ngers for violations of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1591 and 1594. 13This Article will present the case that buyers and attempted buyers of commercial sex acts with minors-including prostitution, pornography, and sexual performance-engage in trafficking activities essential to the crime of trafficking. …" @default.
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• W2410724127 date "2013-07-01" @default.
• W2410724127 modified "2023-09-29" @default.
• W2410724127 title "Prosecuting Demand as a Crime of Human Trafficking: The Eighth Circuit Decision in United States V. Jungers" @default.
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