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• W2414013273 abstract "Introduction The 1985 Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ANARE) to the Australian Territory of Heard Island had, as one of its major goals, the task of censusing the population of the Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina L.) on the island over the pupping period, as part of an international program aimed at monitoring the total population of these seals. Monitoring of the Southern Ocean marine ecosystem has the purpose of making sure that changes to all parts of the ecosystem, induced by harvesting certain species, can be discerned before permanent damage is done to significant elements of that ecosystem by continued overharvesting. Effective and economically feasible monitoring is a most difficult thing to do, and many years are certain to pass before the health of even portions of the Southern Ocean ecosystem can be reliably checked from one year to the next. Regular censusing of island populations of birds and mammals that are important consumers within the pelagic food chain is one likely way of doing this. The period on the island was originally scheduled to have been the whole of October. However, when the relief ship, the Nella Dan, became beset in ice at Amundsen Bay, Antarctica, the time at Heard Island was extended to 56 days, October 1 to November 25, before the substitute relief ship, the Icebird, arrived to remove the members of the expedition from the island. The extra time allowed more work to be done on all programs, and also allowed a survey of sealer's relics on the island to be completed. Choice of Elephant Seal for Censusing Elephant Seals breeding at Heard Island were selected for censusing for several reasons. They are known to range widely at sea and principally feed on fish and squid south of the Antarctic Convergence. Their large size and presence ashore on exposed beaches makes censusing readily possible and accurate; and they are numerous enough to reach a sizeable biomass (40,000 tonnes, McCann 1985) and so make the results of any census relevant to a considerable part of the food chain. The importance of Elephant Seals has been appreciated in some general sense for many years. For a century these seals and whales were the one part of the Antarctic food chain that could be significantly exploited. Oil production from Heard Island did not cease until the 1930's, although by that time the scale of operation was much reduced compared to earlier days. The very first ANARE to Heard Island in 1948 counted the Elephant Seals in the Four Bays area close to the camp and this remained an important task for succeeding expeditions until the close of the camp in 1955. Unfortunately not much of this work was published, but enough was written up for it to be clear that the breeding cows that had come ashore to pup during October approximately numbered 30,000 animals for the whole island during the early fifties." @default.
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• W2414013273 date "1986-01-01" @default.
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• W2414013273 title "A SUBSTANTIAL DECLINE IN NUMBERS OF THE SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL AT HEARD ISLAND" @default.
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