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• W2414987022 abstract "Factors influencing the size and sex ratio of the alfalfa leaf-cutter bee, Megachile rotundata, were studied. Bees of both sexes tended to emerge in the typical reverse sequence, the latest cells constructed being the first to produce adult bees, even though cells were removed from the tunnels and incubated separately. Bee size was related to emergence day, but since it was also associated with cell position, it may be influenced by several factors such as temperature, oxygen tension, and pa rental manipulation. Tunnel diameter did not significantly effect the observed sex ratios, but this may be a result of using nest tunnels approximately 12 cm long. Since it was first used for pollination in North America, the alfalfa leaf cutter bee, Megachile rotundata, has grown in importance as the prime alfalfa pollinator, and the amount of research on it has grown correspond ingly. Though most of the studies have dealt with questions of agricultural concern, the ease of raising these bees in a laboratory setting makes them an ideal species with which to study biological problems basic to many Hymenoptera. Three such problems, the regulation of adult size, emergence sequence, and sex ratio, are considered below. The nest of Megachile rotundata consists of a series of cells, end to end, in a tunnel not made by the bee. The characteristics of the tunnel (in nature usually an abandoned burrow in wood made by a beetle) are important in determining the characteristics of a bee's progeny. Tunnel diameter has been considered a factor of prime importance in determining size. From their study on the influence of tunnel size and nest ing material on progeny size, Stephen and Osgood (1965) concluded that large tunnel diameters would increase the number of large bees in a popu lation. Klostermeyer and Gerber (1969) also found that the sizes of the progeny are correlated with tunnel diameter. In fact, when smaller females utilize larger tunnels than large females, the former produce larger progeny. This is because cell size is related to tunnel diameter, and the amount of provisions is related to cell volume. Larger bees result when more food is provided, since larvae generally eat all the provisions available to them. Generally then, larger bees are produced in larger diameter tunnels, but" @default.
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• W2414987022 date "1979-04-01" @default.
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• W2414987022 title "Factors influencing size and sex ratios in Megachile rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)." @default.
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