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- W2416929026 abstract "Ethyl pyruvate (EP), a simple aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid, has been shown to have antiinflammatory effects and to confer protective effects in various pathological conditions. Recently, a number of studies have reported EP inhibits high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) secretion and suggest this might contribute to its antiinflammatory effect. Since EP is used in a calcium-containing balanced salt solution (Ringer solution), we wondered if EP directly chelates Ca2+ and if it is related to the EP-mediated suppression of HMGB1 release. Calcium imaging assays revealed that EP significantly and dose-dependently suppressed high K+-induced transient [Ca2+]i surges in primary cortical neurons and, similarly, fluorometric assays showed that EP directly scavenges Ca2+ as the peak of fluorescence emission intensities of Mag-Fura-2 (a low-affinity Ca2+ indicator) was shifted in the presence of EP at concentrations of ≥7 mmol/L. Furthermore, EP markedly suppressed the A23187-induced intracellular Ca2+ surge in BV2 cells and, under this condition, A23187-induced activations of Ca2+-mediated kinases (protein kinase Cα and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV), HMGB1 phosphorylation and subsequent secretion of HMGB1 also were suppressed. (A23187 is a calcium ionophore and BV2 cells are a microglia cell line.) Moreover, the above-mentioned EP-mediated effects were obtained independent of cell death or survival, which suggests that they are direct effects of EP. Together, these results indicate that EP directly chelates Ca2+, and that it is, at least in part, responsible for the suppression of HMGB1 release by EP." @default.
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- W2416929026 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W2416929026 modified "2023-10-13" @default.
- W2416929026 title "Ethyl Pyruvate Inhibits HMGB1 Phosphorylation and Release by Chelating Calcium" @default.
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- W2416929026 doi "https://doi.org/10.2119/molmed.2014.00039" @default.
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