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• W2417990302 abstract "We can identify agricultural systems in which spiders might best be applied in pest sup- pression from study of the mechanisms by which spider populations influence prey in natural ecosystems. Theory predicts that prey control is achieved through the development of a stable interaction between predator and prey populations. Two models have been applied to predator control of prey, limit cycle and equilibrium point or focal control. Limit cycle control is exerted on a prey species population by a predator species that tracks the densities of its prey. Although the limit cycle approach is commonly applied to pest control situations, the long life cycles and generalist feeding habits of spiders limit their abilities to exhibit density-dependent tracking of their prey. Crops with short growing seasons and species-depauperate systems are the best candidates for limit cycle influences of spiders on prey. Spider populations that exhibit an uneven age-structure and have strong migratory/aggregational tendencies would offer the greatest pest suppression in these simple systems. Equilibrium point/focus control involves the limiting effects of an assemblage of polyphagous feeders on an assemblage of prey species. Spiders fit this model to a greater extent than they do a limit cycle model of prey control. Agricultural systems that conserve spider densities and species representation through minimal chemical application and the maintenance of ground cover are good candidates for equilibrium point control of prey by spiders. It is also important to recognize that many success stories in agroecosystems do not involve stable interactions between predator and prey populations. Indirect effects (e.g., the cessation of feeding in the presence of a predator) and superfluous killing of prey are two factors that augment the influence of spiders on targeted insect populations. Field biologists search for patterns in nat- ural ecosystems with the ultimate goal of ap- plying the knowledge gained to human bene- fit. Of particular concern to the arachnologist is maximizing the potential of spiders to con- trol insect pests in agroecosystems. Wang (1982) reports that as long as 2000 years ago, Chinese writing states that ''If there is a large gathering of spiders, everything will be sat- isfactory.'' This contribution deals with how spider abundance and the mechanisms of prey control they exhibit affect their influence on prey populations in natural and agricultural systems." @default.
• W2417990302 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2417990302 date "1999-01-01" @default.
• W2417990302 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2417990302 title "THE HOWS AND WHYS OF SUCCESSFUL PEST SUPPRESSION BY SPIDERS: INSIGHTS FROM CASE STUDIES" @default.
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