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• W2418443311 abstract "Dispersal of buffalo gourd {Cuc?rbita foetidissima) pollen in Arizona at two sites and by two groups of pollinators is compared. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) were the primary pollen vectors in one cultivated field, and the squash bees Xenoglossa angustior, Peponapis timberlakei and P. pruinosa were floral visitors in another field. The foraging behavior of these bees is compared. Pollen admixed with fluorescent powders was used to indicate the distribution of pollen through each field. Statistical analysis of the distribution of flowers with marked pollen was made by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test and by logistic regression analysis. Although marked pollen was distributed farther by squash bees than by honey bees, the significantly different distribution of flowers on the vines in the two fields made analysis difficult. Squash bees dispersed marked pollen throughout the field and utilized all available pollen. Honey bees did not utilize all pollen but flowers and pollen dispersal were more uniform. Competition for pollen between honey bees and squash bees was reduced since the latter harvested most of the pollen standing crop before the honey bees became active. Both the native pollinators and honey bees in the absence of the other could effectively distribute pollen in their respective fields but honey bees could probably not compete as efficiently with native bees for pollen where the two groups occurred together. Buffalo gourd, Cuc?rbita foetidissima H.B.K. (Cucurbitaceae), is a native xero phytic gourd of the grasslands and dry desert washes of the southwestern United States and Mexico. The possible development and use of this plant as an arid lands crop depends on exploitation of oil and protein rich seeds and its large, starchy, perennial, storage root (Bemis et al., 1978). Vines emerge from the rootstocks in late spring. The flowers appear in late April or May and last until August or rarely September in the vicinity of Tucson, Arizona. The species has a gynomonoecious breeding system with most plants being hermaphroditic, bearing both male and female flowers. In natural popu lations of southwestern Arizona, however, about 30% of the plants are gynoecious, having only female flowers (J. Kohn, pers. comm.). Both within plant (gneitoga mous) and between plant (xenogamous) pollination occurs. There is no apomyxis or parthenocarpic seed development in this species; therefore all seeds result from ovules that are fertilized by pollen delivered to the stigmas by bees, the only reliable pollen vectors. Previous studies (Buchmann, unpubl.) have demonstrated the need for at least 50 (usually more) pollen grains per stigma to achieve fruit set. There is great variability, however, with about 44 grains to every ovule (with a range of 200-400 ovules per ovary) and with natural open-pollinated stigmatic loads of 10,000 to 30,000 grains not uncommonly found." @default.
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• W2418443311 date "1987-10-01" @default.
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• W2418443311 title "Pollen Dispersal in Cuc?rbita foetidissima (Cucurbitaceae) by Bees of the Genera Apis, Peponapis and Xenoglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Anthophoridae)" @default.
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