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- W2425230774 abstract "Frank lead system, one of the corrected orthogonal VCG leads, was applied to 118 normal young men in order to establish standards and to clarify the process of the ventricular activation quantitatively. Materials and methods: The subjects used in this study were 1 18 normal young men, ranging from 1 8 to 30 years. The three planar projections of VCG were photographed simultaneously on 60×60mm X-ray films. Vector loops were interrupted by saw-toothed waves of 680cps, thus indicating the conduction speed and the rotating directions of the QRS loops. The three scalar ECG of FRANK system as well as the conventional 12 leads ECG were recorded with paper speed of 100mm per second. Vector loops were enlarged 6 times using the photographic enlarger and were traced on the section papers. Morphological observations of the vector loops were such as the directions of initial and terminal vectors of the QRS loops and the directions of inscription of QRS and T loops. Analytico-geometrical analysis of vector loops were performed using electric computer OKITAC 5090, Type H, using orthogonal coordinates of each vectors. Scales for angles were shown in Fig. 1. The normal ranges were determined on the basis of 95 per cent and 98 per cent limits. The items of the quantitative parameters used in this study were as follows: 1 . Directions and magnitudes of maximum QRS and T vectors: Maximum vectors in each plane and the projections of the spatial maximum vectors on each plane were measured. Frontal plane; Magnitude: √(X2+Y2), Angle: tan-1X/Y Sagittal plane; Magnitude: √(Y2+Z2) Angle: tan-1Z/Y Horizontal plane : Magnitude : √(Z2+X2) Angle: tan-1Z/X Spatial magnitude: √(X2+Y2+Z2) 2. QRS-T angles and ratios: QRS-T angles in each plane were defined as algebral difference from the angle of maximum QRS vector to that of maximum T vector. The spatial QRS-T angles (θ) were calculated by the following formula:" @default.
- W2425230774 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2425230774 date "1966-01-01" @default.
- W2425230774 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2425230774 title "The Quantitative Analysis of the Normal Vectorcardiogram Using the Frank Lead System : Vectorcardiogram of the Normal Young Men" @default.
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- W2425230774 doi "https://doi.org/10.1253/jcj.30.1437" @default.
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