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- W2425278492 abstract "several successive glaciations. When one considers what a profound influence these glacial and interglacial periods must have had upon populations through scattering and confining them, creating and eliminating gene pools, forcing migrations vertically and horizontally, it seems almost presumptuous to attempt to classify organisms in their true relationships. It is almost impossible to fit living organisms whose relationships are as variable and changing as the environments which produce them into the neat static categories of the Linnaean system. The everincreasing list of terms describing newly recognized relationships, such as cline, rassenkreis, formenkreis, sibling species, ecotype, character displacement and polymorphic species, emphasizes how different are the histories of various species even within the same area. Schmidt (1938) applied the postglacial history approach to distributional problems in amphibians and reptiles with success. Since that time there has been an increase in the number of taxonomic papers in North America which have attempted to explain the present relationships of organisms through a consideration of their probable postglacial dispersal. Smith (1957) has presented an excellent analysis of the influence of postglacial climatic changes on the dispersal and distribution of species and subspecies of many eastern amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The North American turtle Chrysemys picta presents a case wherein the postglacial dispersal approach may be applied with advantage in attempting to interpret the relationship of its four forms. These were analyzed by Bishop and Schmidt (1931) who recognized four subspecies with broad areas of intergradation. Taxonomically, they used the classical approach of the family tree and named the most intermediate in character of the four (marginata) as the parent form. The interesting picture emerging from their study is the arrangement of the 4 subspecies in three major geographic groups: (1) C. p. picta in the Atlantic Coastal region, (2) C. p. marginata and C. p. dorsalis in the lower Great Lakes, Ohio River basin and lower Mississippi River basin, and (3) C. p. belli on the great plains. It seems peculiar that the Plains and Atlantic forms should occupy such large areas (Fig. 1), but show no appreciable variation, whereas in the single river system of the Ohio and lower Mississippi there should be two forms as distinct as marginata and dorsalis. The present relationship of these two subspecies is not clinal, thus raising the problem of how they maintained their identity while confined together in the lower Mississippi valley during glaciation, especially if marginata is considered to be of such antiquity that it gave rise to the other three forms. The difficulties can be resolved if marginata is considered as a recently developed intra-specific hybrid of belli and dorsalis. This is not unreasonable if the following hypothetical sequence of events can be accepted." @default.
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- W2425278492 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2425278492 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2425278492 title "Postglacial Dispersal of the Turtle Chrysemys picta" @default.
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