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• W2429279576 abstract "Editor's note: This is Part 1 of a 2-part series examining tobacco control legislation. Efforts to raise the minimum legal age for purchasing tobacco products are quickly gaining strength, say tobacco control experts. On May 4, the governor of California, Jerry Brown, signed into law a package of tobacco bills, including one that raises the minimum legal purchase age from 18 years to 21 years. “My colleagues and I were exchanging high fives by e-mail,” says William McCarthy, PhD, an adjunct professor at the University of California at Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health, whose research focuses on the epidemiology of tobacco use. “Raising the minimum age is something we all think is desirable, but we didn't think it was politically feasible.” California became the second state after Hawaii to raise the purchase age to 21 years, and legislation currently is pending in other states, including Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio, says Anthony Alberg, PhD, MPH, associate director of population sciences and cancer epidemiologist at the Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center in Charleston. He adds that federal legislation to achieve the same goal was introduced in September 2015. Furthermore, Alabama, Alaska, New Jersey, and Utah have set the minimum tobacco purchase age to 19 years, whereas New York City and several other localities have raised it to 21 years. “To have this degree of activity at the state level is quite remarkable,” says Dr. Alberg. “To me, it suggests a lot of action around this very important tobacco control issue.” In addition, a survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and published in October 2015 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that a high level of public support exists for these measures: approximately 75% of the adults surveyed favored raising the minimum age to 21 years, including 7 in 10 smokers.1 Dr. McCarthy says that one of the main reasons the California law succeeded was because it was “fast-tracked” and approved in a special session of the legislature rather than having to first go through the governmental affairs committee, as it normally would. “It went to the full floor where it passed by majority vote whereas in committees if you have people abstain and you don't have a majority, the bill doesn't make it out of committee,” he says, noting that state tobacco control legislation often was previously killed in committee. In addition, the legislation passed in the face of some opposition, including an editorial in the Los Angeles Times that argued against it. “They argued that if young people can go to war at age 18, why are you depriving them of the choice of smoking at 18,” Dr. McCarthy says.2 However, proponents of the law say that the brain is not fully mature at age 18 years, and therefore is less capable of making wise decisions. Dr. Alberg says that, in the long run, choosing to smoke at age 18 years is much more likely to prove fatal than is opting for military service. (In a compromise, California lawmakers agreed to keep the purchase age for military personnel at 18 years.) The effort to raise the minimum legal age comes on the heels of a 2015 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report recommending laws that would do just that. The report was the result of a study conducted by a 13-member committee, on which Dr. Alberg served. “This is a new strategy that seems to show great benefit for public health and is being embraced by our leaders nationally,” he says. Advocates for raising the purchase age say there are numerous potential benefits to doing so, including: “We often say in public health that we want to create an environment where doing the right thing becomes the easier thing, but the converse is also true,” Dr. McCarthy says. “By making it a little more inconvenient for young people to get their cigarettes, it will translate to some reduction in tobacco use.” He believes more states will begin to consider such legislation, largely because tobacco control measures often ultimately lead to huge savings in Medicaid expenses. California, he notes, has saved billions of dollars as a result of its leading role in enacting tobacco control laws, and other states are eager to follow suit. This is a new strategy that seems to show great benefit for public health and is being embraced by our leaders nationally. —Anthony Alberg, PhD, MPH The CDC has funded members of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health who are well versed in helping pass tobacco control policies to act as mentors to other states, Dr. McCarthy says. “I'm quite certain they will encourage them to continue in that role now that we've had 5 tobacco control bills pass simultaneously,” he adds. Researchers at the CDC also are continuing to look into support for raising the minimum legal age, according to Gabbi Promoff, MA, associate director for policy in the CDC's Office on Smoking and Health and coauthor of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine article. Among their efforts are determining the attitudes of a nationally representative sample of US middle school and high school students toward raising the tobacco purchasing age to 21 years and a national survey of US adults to assess whether support for raising the purchasing age has changed since 2014. Although raising the minimum legal purchase age is a popular tobacco control option, Dr. Alberg says that it is just one of many and that there also should be continued focus on other options such as smoke-free workplaces and increasing tobacco excise taxes. Another major concern among public health advocates is curbing the use of electronic cigarettes among youth, an effort that recently received a significant boost from the US Food and Drug Administration. Part 2 of this series, which will be published in the July 15 issue, will focus on the increasing use of electronic cigarettes." @default.
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• W2429279576 title "States, cities raise age for tobacco purchase" @default.
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