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- W2442398180 abstract "Genetics and molecular biology have shown the mechanisms that allow the genome to provide both the continuity and the variation from generation to generation within a phyloge- ny. Embryology and developmental biology show the mechanisms that turn the genome into an organism. Mutations, the basis for evolutionary change, cannot in themselves ensure concordance between their products and the products of unchanged genes. Thus, mutations will not necessarily produce a viable organism. On the other hand, ontogenetic buffer mechanisms normally maintain concordance in the developing organism. In addition, ontogenetic buffer mechanisms can integrate discordant muta- tions into viable organisms that can then be perpetuated during evolution. The evolutionary role of one ontogenetic buffer mech- anism, compensatory innervation, is well illustrated in the anop- thalmic mutant mouse. In the anopthalmic mouse, a single gene mutation removes afferent axons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, and compensatory innervation by another population of axons ensures that the dorsal lateral geniculate remains integrated into the central nervous system. Within each organism's ontogeny is a hierarchy of sources of compensatory innervation, and this hierarchy will determine how any particular deafferentating mu- tation will be buffered. In this way, an ontogeny can channel the phylogeny of which it is a member. The modern evolutionary synthesis combines Darwin's theory of evolution with genetics and molecular biology. The modern theory points out that it is the genome of an organism that main- tains the continuity from generation to generation within a phy- logeny. At the same time, it is also the genome that provides variation from generation to generation. This variation offers the opportunities for natural selection. Furthermore, genetics and molecular biology have given us detailed explanations both for how the genome maintains a constancy from generation to gen- eration and for how the genome can vary from generation to generation. Nonetheless, the genome is not the organism. It is the orga- nism and not the genome that directly interacts with the envi- ronment, and it is the organism and not the genome that directly produces viable germ cells that perpetuate the phylogeny. Al- though evolutionary changes are heritable changes in the germ cells, evolution is expressed through ontogeny (1, 2). In fact, a phylogeny is a sequence of transformed ontogenies. Just as ge- netics and molecular biology have shown us the substance of in- heritance during evolution, embryology and developmental bi- ology can show us the substance of expression during evolution. Ontophyleticst explores the constraints and the flexibilities that an ontogeny imposes on the phylogeny of which it is a member." @default.
- W2442398180 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2442398180 date "2016-01-01" @default.
- W2442398180 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2442398180 title "Ontophyletics of the nervous systen ontogenetic buffer mechanisms cha (blind cave fish/compensatory innervation/development/matching pop" @default.
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