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• W244328640 abstract "INTRODUCTION Workplace violence (WPV) has received increasing attention in the and private sectors as employers confront disturbing information about the risks it poses to workers on all levels of their organizations. During the 1990s, for example, managers and policymakers have learned that: (1) during the average year, about 15% of violent crimes occur in the workplace; (2) homicide accounted for about one in six fatal work injuries in 1995; (3) Department of Justice statistics for 1995 revealed that the over 1 million violent crimes took place in the workplace; and (4) federal, state, and local workers were about 30% of the victims while being about 18% of the U.S. workforce (Nigro and Waugh, 1996; U.S. Department of Justice, 1994; U.S. Department of Labor, 1996). Agencies such as the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Federal Protective Service (FPS) have urged employers in all sectors to recognize the risks posed by WPV and to take steps designed to prevent it as well as to deal with its consequences if it should happen (OSHA, 1996; Lewis, 1995; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993; U.S. Department of Justice, 1994; General Services Administration, 1996). Until the 1990s, most employers had been slow to adopt policies and related programs specifically addressing WPV risks, prevention, and responses. Unfortunately, most of the exceptions to this pattern were reactions to tragic and widely-reported events such as a series of multiple murders in and around facilities of the U.S. Postal Service (Baxter and Margavo, 1996). Over the past ten years, however, employers have begun to recognize WPV as a meaningful safety and liability issue, one that now requires more than a passive or reactive approach to prevention and mitigation (Nigro and Waugh, 1996). The available literature on the subject suggests that WPV, particularly homicide, is a hazard to be taken seriously (Kelleher, 1996). There is, however, a broadening recognition among employers that WPV involves far more than murder by coworkers, clientcustomers, and intruders (Yohay and Peppe, 1996). A Florida city, for example, has set forth a typical definition: Violence in the workplace shall be defined as making threats, exhibiting threatening behavior and/or engaging in violent acts on City property by an employee, contractor/vendor, spouse and ex-spouse, family member, friend or any member of the general public (City of Coconut Creek, 1996). The degree to which U.S. local governments explicitly are addressing WPV in policy terms has not been systematically explored. This article describes the findings of a survey of cities and counties intended to fill some of the gaps in our understanding of the status of WPV policies and programs on the local level. An exploratory 1996 study of 38 cities and counties with populations of 50,000 or more in Georgia revealed that only 4 had WPV policies and related programs in place. Almost 75 percent of the respondents (chief executive officers) indicated that there had never been a WPV problem in their jurisdictions and about 50 percent expressed the belief that existing personnel policies on employees conduct and discipline were sufficient. In the 4 cases where policies of some sort existed, they had originated in and were administered by the human resources office or department. Policy coverage typically included violence by clients, by employees and their families, against women, and related to drug and alcohol abuse. These policies were not comprehensive, dealing with a limited range of topics such as reporting and handling of complaints, documentation of cases, conflict management training, and a zone tolerance statement. While these findings suggested that local executives in Georgia did not see WPV as a high-priority matter requiring specific policies and programs, it was unclear how typical this point of view was of the rest of the country. …" @default.
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• W244328640 date "1998-10-01" @default.
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• W244328640 title "Workplace Violence Policies of U.S. Local Governments" @default.
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