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• W245795045 abstract "Early-age shrinkage and cracking have become reoccurring problem in concrete construction.Conditions such as reduced maximum aggregate size, increased amount of fines, presence ofretarding admixtures, increased binder content and deficient covering and curing allcontribute to this problem. At early age, when the cement paste is young and has poorlydeveloped mechanical properties, autogenous and evaporating shrinkage, both incorporated inthe plastic shrinkage, are the two main driving forces for cracking. For modern concretesdeveloping large autogenous shrinkage, as the high performance and self-compacting concrete(SCC), early-age cracking is a highly topical and important area.When the concrete dries out due to evaporation there will be formation of water menisci nearthe concrete surface. The distance between the particles then tends to be reduced and theconcrete will contract. These contracting capillary forces are in reverse ratio to the meniscusradius. The capillary tension stresses will therefore increase with decreasing interparticlespaces. For a concrete where the evaporation is prevented, the negative capillary pressure willalso start to develop as the concrete sets. As a solid skeleton starts to form the chemicalshrinkage is not totally transformed into external volume change and, if the water supply isrestricted, empty pores will be formed inside the paste and water meniscus occurs.In this work, early age (< 24 h) autogenous deformation and crack tendency due to plasticshrinkage was measured. For the autogenous deformation, a specially developed digitaldilatometer was used with great satisfactory, generating accurately measures of the lineardisplacements of the concrete cast in a vapor proof flexible tube mould. The plastic shrinkagecracking tendency was evaluated, using a modified Nordtest method (NT BUILD 433), wherethe concrete sample was exposed to early drying conditions and where the restraining innersteel ring causes development of tangential stresses which if sufficiently high leads tocracking. As the underlying mechanisms are not quantified by the ring-test and as plasticshrinkage strongly are related to the negative capillary pressure in fresh concrete, the test wascomplimented with transducer recording the development of the pore pressure. In some cases,pore pressure development was also measured on sealed specimens, referring to theautogenous deformation tests.A large number of different SCC constituents and mix compositions have been investigated;e.g. w/c-ratio from 0.38 to 0.67, coarse aggregate content, silica fume, fly ash, cement type,extra water and different admixtures (accelerator, retarder, shrinkage reducer, air entrainingagent, superplasticizer dosage). For comparison, tests with standard concrete were made. Thecrack tendency test was also performed on mixes with different fibers and curing compounds.The influence of different constituents and mixes on the autogenous deformation and plasticshrinkage crack tendency was significantly observed. The results indicated that:• High crack tendency was generated when:- large autogenous shrinkage (silica addition, low w/c, high fineness)- high water evaporation (extra water, high w/c, low fineness)- retardation (retarder, slow hardening cement, high superplastisizer dosage),- low content of coarse aggregate• Minimum crack tendency at w/c 0.55IV• Reduced crack tendency by:- shrinkage reducing admixture (large positive effect on both autogenous shrinkageand evaporation, without influencing the time to initial- and final set)- acceleration (accelerator, rapid cement)- air entraining agent- fibers- wax membrane (effectively for concretes with high evaporation)Finally the ring-test method and the experimental results were clearly verified by field studies." @default.
• W245795045 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W245795045 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W245795045 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W245795045 title "Cracking due to plastic and autogenous shrinkage - Investigation of early age deformation of self-compacting concrete - Experimental study" @default.
• W245795045 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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