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- W245982425 abstract "What Makes Terrorists Tick? How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. By Audrey Kurth Cronin. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. 330 pp. $29.95. A battle is raging in terrorism studies. Proponents of the strategic claim that rational people participate in groups mainly for the political return. Proponents of the systems claim that rational people participate in groups mainly for some form of social gain. The first model argues that terrorists attack civilians for the collective benefit of coercing political concessions, whereas the natural systems model claims that individuals engage in terrorism for the personal, selective benefit of participating in an exciting, tight-knit, social group. Although this debate is spearheaded by academics, it is hardly academic: The question of motives is fundamental to counterterrorism because one cannot expect to cure a malady without understanding its underlying cause.1 Cronin, professor of strategy at the U.S. National War College, does not explicitly align herself with either school of thought, but How Terrorism Ends suggests that social calculations are more determinative than political ones. Her analysis of how terrorism ends indicates that it is seldom due to rational, political considerations. Cronin finds, for example, that negotiating with terrorists very works since most terrorist groups choose not to negotiate at all. This aversion to compromise results because survival overshadows the [stated] cause. The logic is clear but sadly familiar: If violence is part of the identity or livelihood of participants themselves, then the likelihood of negotiations resolving a conflict is miniscule. The Oslo accords arc illustrative: By embracing them, Palestinian terrorists of all persuasions would have unquestionably advanced their stated territorial aims. But groups such as Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad instead ramped up their violence, helping to derail the peace process in order to ensure their organizational survival. In fact, Cronin notes that what usually brings terrorists to the negotiating table are generally threats to the organization itself rather than to its putative political purpose. She finds that groups rarely abandon the armed struggle due to achieving their official political goals. This conclusion is expected given the fact that groups virtually never attain their given political aims, a point underscored in this reviewer's 2006 study in International Security, which compared the abysmal success rate of campaigns to other forms of protest.2 Her case studies do, however, bolster the thesis that terrorism is inherently politically counterproductive by hardening governments and discouraging them from making concessions. She sensibly focuses on the handful of groups in modem history that achieved their policy demands such as the African National Congress and shows that they did so despite the use of violence against innocent civilians [rather] than because of it. The author is quick to point out that this does not mean terrorism accomplishes nothing at all; as previous studies have shown, acts can undercut the organization's professed political agenda while simultaneously boosting membership, morale, and cohesion. …" @default.
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- W245982425 date "2010-10-01" @default.
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- W245982425 title "What Makes Terrorists Tick" @default.
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